Glucagon receptor modulators

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , L, B 1 , B 2 , B 3  and B 4  are as defined herein. The compounds of Formula I have been found to act as glucagon antagonists or inverse agonists. Consequently, the compounds of Formula I and the pharmaceutical compositions thereof are useful for the treatment of diseases, disorders, or conditions mediated by glucagon.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds that are antagonists, mixedagonists/antagonists, partial agonists, negative allosteric modulatorsor inverse agonists of the glucagon receptor, pharmaceuticalcompositions comprising the compounds, and the uses of the compounds orcompositions.

BACKGROUND

Diabetes is a major public health concern because of its increasingprevalence and associated health risks. The disease is characterized bymetabolic defects in the production and utilization of carbohydrateswhich result in the failure to maintain appropriate blood glucoselevels. Two major forms of diabetes are recognized. Type I diabetes, orinsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDMT1DM), is the result of anabsolute deficiency of insulin. Type II diabetes, or non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDMT2DM), often occurs with normal, oreven elevated levels of insulin and appears to be the result of theinability of tissues and cells to respond appropriately to insulin.Aggressive control of NIDDM T2DM with medication is essential; otherwiseit can progress into β-cell failure and insulin dependence.

Glucagon is a twenty nine amino acid peptide which is secreted from thea cells of the pancreas into the hepatic portal vein thereby exposingthe liver to higher levels of this hormone than non-hepatic tissues.Plasma glucagon levels decrease in response to hyperglycemia,hyperinsulinemia, elevated plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels andsomatostatin whereas glucagon secretion is increased in response tohypoglycemia and elevated plasma amino acid levels. Glucagon, throughactivation of its receptor, is a potent activator of hepatic glucoseproduction by activating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

The glucagon receptor is a 62 kDa protein that is activated by glucagonand is a member of the class B G-protein coupled family of receptors.Other closely related G-protein coupled receptors include glucagon-likepeptide-1 receptor (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2) andgastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor. The glucagon receptor isencoded by the GCGR gene in humans and these receptors are mainlyexpressed in the liver with lesser amounts found in the kidney, heart,adipose tissue, spleen, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, cerebralcortex and gastrointestinal tract. Stimulation of the glucagon receptorresults in activation of adenylate cyclase and increased levels ofintracellular cAMP.

Reports have indicated that an uncommon missense mutation in the GCGRgene is correlated with diabetes mellitus type 2 and one reportedinactivating mutation of the glucagon receptor in humans causesresistance to glucagon and is associated with pancreatic α-cellhyperplasia, nesidioblastosis, hyperglucagonemia and pancreaticneuroendocrine tumors. In rodent studies with GCGR knockout mice andmice treated with GCGR antisense oligonucleotides the mice exhibitedimproved fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and pancreatic β-cellfunction. In both healthy control animals and animal models of type 1and type 2 diabetes, removal of circulating glucagon with selective andspecific antibodies has resulted in a reduction of the glycemic level.More specifically, treatment of both mice and cynomolgus monkeys withGCGR-antagonizing antibodies (mAb B and mAb Ac) has been shown toimprove glycemic control without causing hypoglycemia. Recent micestudies have further shown that antagonism of the glucagon receptorresults in improved glucose homeostasis through a mechanism whichrequires a functional GLP-1 receptor. Antagonism of the glucagonreceptor resulted in compensatory overproduction of GLP-1, likely fromthe pancreatic α-cells, and this may play an important role inintraislet regulation and maintenance of β-cell function.

A promising area of diabetes research involves the use of small moleculeantagonists, mixed agonists/antagonists, partial agonists, negativeallosteric modulators or inverse agonists of the glucagon receptor tolower the level of circulating glucagon and thereby lower the glycemiclevel. Therapeutically, it is anticipated that inactivation of theglucagon receptor would be an effective strategy for lowering bloodglucose by reducing hepatic glucose output and normalizing glucosestimulated insulin secretion. Consequently, a glucagon antagonist, mixedagonist/antagonist, partial agonist, negative allosteric modulator orinverse agonist may provide therapeutic treatment for NIDDM T2DM andassociated complications, inter alia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia,insulin resistance syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, andobesity.

Several drugs in five major categories, each acting by differentmechanisms, are available for treating hyperglycemia and subsequently,NIDDM T2DM (Moller, D. E., “New drug targets for Type 2 diabetes and themetabolic syndrome” Nature 414; 821-827, (2001)): (A) Insulinsecretogogues, including sulphonyl-ureas (e.g., glipizide, glimepiride,glyburide) and meglitinides (e.g., nateglidine and repaglinide) enhancesecretion of insulin by acting on the pancreatic beta-cells. While thistherapy can decrease blood glucose level, it has limited efficacy andtolerability, causes weight gain and often induces hypoglycemia. (B)Biguanides (e.g., metformin) are thought to act primarily by decreasinghepatic glucose production. Biguanides often cause gastrointestinaldisturbances and lactic acidosis, further limiting their use. (C)Inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase (e.g., acarbose) decrease intestinalglucose absorption. These agents often cause gastrointestinaldisturbances. (D) Thiazolidinediones (e.g., pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)act on a specific receptor (peroxisome proliferator-activatedreceptor-gamma) in the liver, muscle and fat tissues. They regulatelipid metabolism subsequently enhancing the response of these tissues tothe actions of insulin. Frequent use of these drugs may lead to weightgain and may induce edema and anemia. (E) Insulin is used in more severecases, either alone or in combination with the above agents.

Ideally, an effective new treatment for NIDDM T2DM would meet thefollowing criteria: (a) it would not have significant side effectsincluding induction of hypoglycemia; (b) it would not cause weight gain;(c) it would at least partially replace insulin by acting viamechanism(s) that are independent from the actions of insulin; (d) itwould desirably be metabolically stable to allow less frequent usage;and (e) it would be usable in combination with tolerable amounts of anyof the categories of drugs listed herein.

A number of publications have appeared which disclose non-peptidecompounds which act at the glucagon receptor. For example, WO 03/048109,WO 2004/002480, WO 2005/123668, WO 2005/118542, WO 2006/086488, WO2006/102067, WO 2007/106181, WO 2007/114855, WO 2007/120270, WO2007/123581 and Kurukulasuriya et al. Bioorganic & Medicinal ChemistryLetters, 2004, 14(9), 2047-2050 each disclose non-peptide compounds thatact as glucagon receptor antagonists. Although investigations areon-going, there still exists a need for a more effective and safetherapeutic treatment for diabetes, particularly NIDDM.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 provides the powder X-ray diffraction for the exemplifiedcompound as noted.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides compounds of Formula I that act asglucagon receptor modulators, in particular, glucagon antagonists;therefore, may be used in the treatment of diseases mediated by suchantagonism (e.g., diseases related to Type 2 diabetes, anddiabetes-related and obesity-related co-morbidities). A first embodimentof the present invention are compounds of Formula I

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ is a 5membered heteroaryl group attached through either a carbon or nitrogenatom and which is optionally fused to a (C₄-C₇)cycloalkyl, phenyl or 6membered heteroaryl; wherein the optionally fused 5 membered heteroarylis optionally substituted with one to four substituents eachindependently selected from halo, —S(O)₂—(C₁-C₃)alkyl, —S—(C₁-C₃)alkyl,hydroxy, —C(O)NR^(a)R^(b), (C₃-C₅)cycloalkyl, cyano, phenyl which isoptionally substituted with one to three halo, cyano, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, 6 membered heteroaryl which is optionally substitutedwith one to three halo, cyano, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkyl optionally substituted with one to three fluoro, or(C₁-C₆)alkoxy optionally substituted with one to three fluoro; R^(a) andR^(b) are each independently H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; R² is H or methyl; R³ istetrazolyl, —CH₂-tetrazolyl, —(CH₂)₂SO₃H or —(CH₂)₂CO₂H, —CH₂CHFCO₂H or—CH₂CHOHCO₂H;A¹, A², A³ and A⁴ are each independently CR⁴ or N, with the proviso thatno more than two of A¹, A², A³ and A⁴ are N; R⁴ at each occurrence isindependently H, halo, cyano, (C₁-C₃)alkyl optionally substituted withone to three fluoro, or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy optionally substituted with one tothree fluoro; L is —X—CH(R⁵)— or —CH(R⁵)—X—; X is CH₂, O or NH;R⁵ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl which is optionally substituted with one to threefluoro, hydroxy or methoxy; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is optionallysubstituted with one to two (C₁-C₃)alkyl which are optionallysubstituted with one to three fluoro and wherein one to two carbons ofthe (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl can be replaced with a NH, N(C₁-C₃)alkyl, O or S;or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl-(C₁-C₆)alkyl wherein the (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl group ofsaid (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl-(C₁-C₆)alkyl is optionally substituted with oneto two (C₁-C₃)alkyl which are optionally substituted with one to threefluoro; B¹, B², B³ and B⁴ are each independently CR⁶ or N, with theproviso that no more than two of B¹, B², B³ and B⁴ are N; and R⁶ at eachoccurrence is independently H, halo, (C₁-C₃)alkyl optionally substitutedwith one to three fluoro, or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy optionally substituted withone to three fluoro.

A second embodiment of the present invention is the compound of thefirst embodiment or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinR¹ is a 5 membered heteroaryl attached through a nitrogen atom to thecarbon between A¹ and A⁴ of the ring containing A¹, A², A³ and A⁴; R² ishydrogen; and R³ is (CH₂)₂CO₂H.

A third embodiment of the present invention is the compound of the firstor second embodiments or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein X is O. A fourth embodiment of the present invention is thecompound of the first or second embodiments or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein X is NH. A fifth embodiment of thepresent invention is the compound of the first or second embodiments ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is CH₂.

A sixth embodiment of the present invention is the compound of the thirdor fourth embodiments or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofwherein R² is hydrogen; R³ is (CH₂)₂CO₂H; L is —X—CH(R⁵)—; A¹, A², A³and A⁴ are each independently CR⁴; or A⁴ is N and A¹, A² and A³ are eachCR⁴; or A¹ and A⁴ are each N and A² and A³ are each CR⁴; or A² and A⁴are each N and A¹ and A³ are each CR⁴; R⁴ at each occurrence isindependently H or methyl; B¹, B², B³ and B⁴ are each CR⁶; or B¹ is Nand B², B³ and B⁴ are each CR⁶; or B² and B³ are each N and B¹ and B⁴are each CR⁶; or B¹ and B⁴ are each N and B² and B³ are each CR⁶; and R⁶at each occurrence is H.

A seventh embodiment of the present invention is the compound of thethird embodiment or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof whereinR² is hydrogen; R³ is (CH₂)₂CO₂H; L is —X—CH(R⁵)—; A¹, A², A³ and A⁴ areeach CR⁴; or A⁴ is N and A¹, A² and A³ are each CR⁴; or A¹ and A⁴ areeach N and A² and A³ are each CR⁴; or A² and A⁴ are each N and A¹ and A³are each CR⁴; R⁴ at each occurrence is independently H or methyl; B¹,B², B³ and B⁴ are each CR⁶; and R⁶ at each occurrence is independently Hor methyl.

An eighth embodiment of the present invention is the compound of thefourth embodiment or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof whereinR² is hydrogen; R³ is (CH₂)₂CO₂H; L is —CH(R⁵)—X—; A⁴ is N and A¹, A²and A³ are each CR⁴; or A¹ and A⁴ are each N and A² and A³ are each CR⁴;or A² and A⁴ are each N and A¹ and A³ are each CR⁴; R⁴ at eachoccurrence is independently H or methyl; B¹, B², B³ and B⁴ are each CR⁶;and R⁶ at each occurrence is independently H or methyl.

A ninth embodiment of the present invention is the compound of thefourth embodiment or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof whereinR² is hydrogen; R³ is (CH₂)₂CO₂H; L is —CH(R⁵)—X—; A¹, A², A³ and A⁴ areeach independently CR⁴; R⁴ at each occurrence is independently H ormethyl; one of B¹, B², B³ and B⁴ is N and the others are each CR⁶; andR⁶ at each occurrence is independently H or methyl.

A tenth embodiment of the present invention is the compound of the sixththrough ninth embodiments or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofwherein R⁵ is ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, neopentyl,cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, dimethylcycobutyl, cyclopentyl orcyclopropylmethyl.

An eleventh embodiment of the present invention is the compound of thetenth embodiment or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof whereinR¹ is imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl or indazolyl optionallysubstituted with one to two substituents each independently selectedfrom methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl,methoxy, ethoxy, cyano, chloro or fluoro.

A twelfth embodiment of the present invention is the compound of thefirst embodiment or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof whereinR¹ is imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl or indazolyl optionallysubstituted with one to two substituents each independently selectedfrom methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl,methoxy, ethoxy, cyano, chloro or fluoro; L is —X—CHR⁵—; X is O; and R⁵is ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, neopentyl, cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, dimethylcycobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopropylmethyl.

A thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is the compound of thefirst embodiment or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof whereinR¹ is imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl or indazolyl optionallysubstituted with one to two substituents each independently selectedfrom methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl,methoxy, ethoxy, cyano, chloro or fluoro; L is —CHR⁵—X—; X is NH; and R⁵is ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, neopentyl, cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, dimethylcycobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopropylmethyl.

A fourteenth embodiment of the present invention is the compound of thetwelfth or thirteenth embodiments or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof wherein R¹ is 4-trifluoromethylpyrazol-1-yl or4-trifluoromethylimidazol-1-yl.

A fifteenth embodiment of the present invention is a compound selectedfrom the group consisting of:

-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(6-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)    nicotinamido)propanoic acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pentan-2-yl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (R)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (S)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)yridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (R)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid; (S)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)    yridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (R)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (R)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (S)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)    butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(methylthio)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5-ethoxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)    butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-cyano-3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-cyano-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-cyano-3-methyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(6-(1-(4-(3-propyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)    nicotinamido)propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)    phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-5-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4,5-diethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid; (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)    butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (R)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (S)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)    nicotinamido)propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)    methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (R)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (S)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)    methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(cyclobutyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)    phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopropyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(2-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)propyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)propyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)    phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (R)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-2-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid; (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)    pyridine-3-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)    propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5,6-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazol-2(4H)-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(2-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamido)    propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)    pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (R)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid; (S)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)    pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (R)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (S)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(2-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yl)methylamino)    nicotinamido) propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)    pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid;    (+/−)-3-(4-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (+/−)-3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)    nicotinamido)propanoic acid;-   (R)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid; and    (S)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A sixteenth embodiment of the present invention is a compound selectedfrom the group consisting of:

-   (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (R)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;-   (+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid;    (R)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid; and    (S)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic    acid; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A seventeenth embodiment of the present invention is the compound(−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Aneighteenth embodiment of the present invention is the crystalline formof the compound of the seventeenth embodiment with the powder X-raydiffraction spectrum substantially as shown in FIG. 1.

Preferred R¹ groups include optionally substituted pyrazolyl, imidazolyland indazolyl. Preferred embodiments of the ring containing A¹, A², A³and A⁴ include phenyl, methyl substituted phenyl, dimethyl-substitutedphenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl. Preferred embodiments ofthe ring containing B¹, B², B³ and B⁴ include phenyl, pyridinyl,pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl. A preferred embodiment of R³ is —(CH₂)₂CO₂H.

Another embodiment of the present invention is the compound of formula Iaccording to the first embodiment or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof with the exception that R⁵ is (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which can befurther substituted with one to three fluoro. Yet another embodiment ofthe present invention is the compound of formula I according to thefirst embodiment or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with theexception that R¹ is a 5 membered heteroaryl which can be fused toanother 5 membered heteroaryl. Yet another embodiment of the presentinvention are the compounds as set forth in Examples 105-193.

Another aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical compositionthat comprises (1) a compound of the present invention, and (2) apharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluent, or carrier. Preferably,the composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of the present invention. The composition may also contain atleast one additional pharmaceutical agent (described herein). Preferredagents include anti-obesity agents and/or anti-diabetic agents(described herein below).

In yet another aspect of the present invention is a method for treatinga disease, condition, or disorder mediated by glucagon, in particular,deactivation of the glucagon receptor, in a mammal that includes thestep of administering to a mammal, preferably a human, in need of suchtreatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of thepresent invention, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

Diseases, disorders, or conditions mediated by glucagon include Type IIdiabetes, hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance,glucosuria, cataracts, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy,diabetic retinopathy, obesity, dyslididemia, hypertension,hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance syndrome. Preferred diseases,disorders, or conditions include Type II diabetes, hyperglycemia,impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, and insulin resistance syndrome.More preferred are Type II diabetes, hyperglycemia, and obesity. Mostpreferred is Type II diabetes.

In yet another aspect of the present invention is a method of reducingthe level of blood glucose in a mammal, preferably a human, whichincludes the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatmenta therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the presentinvention, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

Compounds of the present invention may be administered in combinationwith other pharmaceutical agents (in particular, anti-obesity andanti-diabetic agents described herein below). The combination therapymay be administered as (a) a single pharmaceutical composition whichcomprises a compound of the present invention, at least one additionalpharmaceutical agent described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptableexcipient, diluent, or carrier; or (b) two separate pharmaceuticalcompositions comprising (i) a first composition comprising a compound ofthe present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient,diluent, or carrier, and (ii) a second composition comprising at leastone additional pharmaceutical agent described herein and apharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluent, or carrier. Thepharmaceutical compositions may be administered simultaneously orsequentially and in any order.

DEFINITIONS

As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to a hydrocarbon radical of thegeneral formula C_(n)H_(2n+1). The alkane radical may be straight orbranched. For example, the term “(C₁-C₆)alkyl” refers to a monovalent,straight, or branched aliphatic group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms(e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl,t-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl,neopentyl, 3,3-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, and the like).Similarly, the alkyl portion (i.e., alkyl moiety) of an alkoxy, acyl(e.g., alkanoyl), alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylsulfonyl, and alkylthiogroup have the same definition as above. When indicated as being“optionally substituted”, the alkane radical or alkyl moiety may beunsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents (generally,one to three substituents except in the case of halogen substituentssuch as perchloro or perfluoroalkyls).

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to nonaromatic rings that are fullyhydrogenated and may exist as a single ring, bicyclic ring or a spiralring. Unless specified otherwise, the carbocyclic ring is generally a 3-to 8-membered ring. For example, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl include groups suchas cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl,cycloheptyl, norbornyl (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl) and the like. In certainembodiments one or more of the carbon atoms in a cycloalkyl may bereplaced with a heteroatom as specified, such as with an O, S, NH orN-alkyl.

The phrase “5 membered heteroaryl” or “6 membered heteroaryl” means aradical of a 5 or 6 membered heteroaromatic ring, respectively. Theheteroaromatic ring can contain 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, Oand S. 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl groups include pyrrolyl, furanyl,thienyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl,pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and the like. Preferred 5to 6 membered heteroaryl groups include pyrazolyl, imidazolyl,pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl. The heteroaryl group may be fusedto another ring when specified. For example, a 5 membered heteroarylsuch as a pyrazole may be fused with a phenyl to provide an indazole.

The phrase “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of acompound of the present invention that (i) treats or prevents theparticular disease, condition, or disorder, (ii) attenuates,ameliorates, or eliminates one or more symptoms of the particulardisease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevents or delays the onsetof one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, ordisorder described herein.

The term “animal” refers to humans (male or female), companion animals(e.g., dogs, cats and horses), food-source animals, zoo animals, marineanimals, birds and other similar animal species. “Edible animals” refersto food-source animals such as cows, pigs, sheep and poultry.

The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” indicates that the substance orcomposition must be compatible chemically and/or toxicologically, withthe other ingredients comprising a formulation, and/or the mammal beingtreated therewith.

The terms “treating”, “treat”, or “treatment” embrace both preventative,i.e., prophylactic, and palliative treatment.

The terms “modulated” or “modulating”, or “modulate(s)”, as used herein,unless otherwise indicated, refers to the changes in activity of theglucagon receptor as a result of action of the compounds of the presentinvention.

The terms “mediated” or “mediating” or “mediate(s)”, as used herein,unless otherwise indicated, refers to the treatment or prevention theparticular disease, condition, or disorder, (ii) attenuation,amelioration, or elimination of one or more symptoms of the particulardisease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevention or delay of theonset of one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, ordisorder described herein, by modulation of glucagon.

The term “compounds of the present invention” (unless specificallyidentified otherwise) refer to compounds of Formula I and anypharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, as well as, allstereoisomers (including diastereoisomers and enantiomers), tautomers,conformational isomers, and isotopically labeled compounds.

Hydrates and solvates of the compounds of the present invention areconsidered compositions of the present invention, wherein the compoundis in association with water or solvent, respectively.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by syntheticroutes that include processes analogous to those well-known in thechemical arts, particularly in light of the description containedherein. The starting materials are generally available from commercialsources such as Aldrich Chemicals (Milwaukee, Wis.) or are readilyprepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art (e.g.,prepared by methods generally described in Louis F. Fieser and MaryFieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis, v. 1-19, Wiley, New York(1967-1999 ed.), or Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 4, Aufl.ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, including supplements (also available viathe Beilstein online database)).

For illustrative purposes, the reaction schemes depicted below providepotential routes for synthesizing the compounds of the present inventionas well as key intermediates. For a more detailed description of theindividual reaction steps, see the Examples section below. Those skilledin the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes may be used tosynthesize the inventive compounds. Although specific starting materialsand reagents are depicted in the schemes and discussed below, otherstarting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to provide avariety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions. In addition, many ofthe compounds prepared by the methods described below can be furthermodified in light of this disclosure using conventional chemistry wellknown to those skilled in the art.

In the preparation of compounds of the present invention, protection ofremote functionality (e.g., primary or secondary amine) of intermediatesmay be necessary. The need for such protection will vary depending onthe nature of the remote functionality and the conditions of thepreparation methods. Suitable amino-protecting groups (NH-Pg) includeacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC), benzyloxycarbonyl (CBz)and 9-fluorenylmethyleneoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). Similarly, a“hydroxy-protecting group” refers to a substituent of a hydroxy groupthat blocks or protects the hydroxy functionality. Suitablehydroxyl-protecting groups (O-Pg) include for example, allyl, acetyl,silyl, benzyl, para-methoxybenzyl, trityl, and the like. The need forsuch protection is readily determined by one skilled in the art. For ageneral description of protecting groups and their use, see T. W.Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork, 1991.

Reaction Scheme I outlines the general procedures that can be used toprovide compounds of the present invention of Formula I.

Reaction Scheme I provides a general route which can be employed toprepare compounds of Formula I. More specific details of thetransformations depicted are provided in Reaction Schemes II-VII below.It is to be understood that the reaction schemes are illustrative andare not to be construed as a limitation in any manner. In step one ofReaction Scheme I the compound R¹-M of Formula VII and the compound ofFormula VI are coupled. In the compound of Formula VII, R¹ is a 5membered optionally fused and optionally substituted heteroaryl group.The group M can represent either hydrogen when attached to nitrogen inthe heteroaryl group R¹ or an appropriate metal species when attached toa carbon in the heteroaryl group R¹. When M is a metal attached to acarbon in the group R¹ the coupling reaction can be carried out using apalladium catalyzed coupling reaction. When M represents hydrogenattached to nitrogen in the heteroaryl R¹ group the nucleophilicdisplacement reaction to form the compound of Formula V can be carriedout in an appropriate solvent in the presence of a base. In the compoundof Formula VI Lg is an appropriate leaving group, such as a halide ortriflate. The compound of Formula V can then be reacted with thecompound of Formula IV to provide the compound of Formula III. In thecompound of Formula V L′ represents a precursor group which is, alongwith R″ in the compound of Formula IV is converted into the linker L inthe compound of Formula III. The compound of Formula III can then behydrolyzed to provide the free acid of Formula II which can then besubjected to an amide coupling reaction with the amine R^(3′)R²NH,followed by deprotection if necessary to provide the compound of FormulaI. The group R^(3′) in the amine R^(3′)R²NH can represent either R³itself or a protected version of R³ which can be subsequentlydeprotected to provide R³.

Reaction Scheme II outlines another general procedure that can be usedto provide compounds of the present invention having Formula I.

The ester compound of Formula III may be formed by reaction of anappropriate heteroaryl compound R¹—H or a metallated heteroaryl compoundR¹-M with the compound of Formula IIIa. The reaction with R¹—H can beemployed when the hydrogen depicted in R¹—H is attached to nitrogen inthe R¹ heteroaryl group. The reaction can be carried out in anappropriate solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide and a base such aspotassium carbonate in the presence of copper(I) iodide. The reactionbetween the compound of Formula IIIa and R¹-M can be carried out by apalladium catalysed coupling reaction. Preferably, the reaction iscarried out between the boronate ester R¹-M (where M is B(OR′)₂ and R′is H or lower alkyl or both R's together form an appropriate cyclicgroup) and the compound of Formula IIIa (wherein Lg is OSO₂CF₃, Cl, Bror I) using a suitable palladium catalyst, a suitable phosphine ligandand a suitable base in the presence of a suitable solvent at atemperature of typically from room temperature up to around reflux (orat temperatures above the boiling point of the solvent e.g. 120° C.using microwave conditions).

A suitable palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium,bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium, palladium acetate or(1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) dichloropalladium. A suitablephosphine ligand is tricyclohexylphosphine, triphenylphosphine or2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxylbiphenyl. A suitable base issodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate or sodiumhydrogen carbonate and solvents are DME, 1,4-dioxane or THF/water.

Alternatively, the cross coupling may be carried out between thetrimethyl stannane of general Formula R¹-M (wherein M is SnMe₃) and thecompound of Formula IIIa using a suitable catalyst, such astetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, an optional copper (I) source,such as copper (I) chloride, a suitable base, such as cesium fluoride,and a suitable solvent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperatureof typically around 80° C. to 120° C. Further alternative methods usingmetallated compounds R¹-M (where M is MgX′ or ZnX′ and X′ is a halide)with the derivative IIIa using a suitable palladium catalyst, a suitablephosphine base, an optional copper (I) source, and a suitable base inthe presence of a suitable solvent at a temperature of typically aroundreflux, can also be employed.

Suitable palladium catalysts are tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium,bis(dibenzylidene acetone)palladium, palladium acetate or(1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene) dichloropalladium. Suitablephosphine bases are tricyclohexylphosphine or2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxylbiphenyl. A suitable copper (I)source is copper (I) chloride. Suitable bases are potassium carbonate orsodium hydrogen carbonate. Suitable solvents are DME, 1,4-dioxane orTHF/water.

The compound of Formula III then undergoes hydrolysis to provide thecompound of Formula II. Depending on which R group is present in theester of Formula III, appropriate acid or base catalyzed hydrolysis canbe carried out to provide the corresponding free acid in the compound ofFormula II. For example, when R represents methyl, hydrolysis istypically carried out with aqueous sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxidein a mixture of methanol and tetrahydrofuran at a temperature from roomtemperature up to 80° C. for 15 minutes to 24 hours.

Conversion of the compound of Formula II to provide the compound ofFormula I can be carried out using standard amide coupling conditions.Amide coupling is carried out using standard literature conditions. Theacid of Formula II can be converted to the corresponding acid chlorideusing a suitable chlorinating agent, such as oxalyl chloride or thionylchloride, in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane or toluene,optionally in the presence of catalytic DMF, at a suitable temperature,typically of between 0° C. and room temperature. The acid chloride canthen be reacted with the amine of generic formula R^(3′)—NH₂ in thepresence of a base, such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine, in asuitable solvent, such as dichloromethane or toluene, at a temperatureof between 0° C. and room temperature. R^(3′) can represent either R³itself or a protected version of R³ which can be subsequentlydeprotected to provide R³.

Alternatively, the acid of Formula II can be converted to a suitableactivated species with a coupling agent, such as EDCI.HCI, HBTU, HATU,PyBop, DCC, or CDI, in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane,acetonitrile or DMF. In the presence of EDCI.HCI, HOBT is typicallyadded. EDCI is 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide; HBTU isO-Benzotriazole-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; HATUis O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate; PyBop isBenzotriazol-1-yloxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate; DCCis dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; CDI is N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole and HOBT is1-hydroxy benzotriazole. A suitable base, such as triethylamine ordiisopropylethylamine, is also used and the reaction is typicallycarried out at room temperature. In the instance where R^(3′) representsa protected version of R³, subsequent deprotection can then be carriedout by methods known in the art to provide R³. For example, when R³ isan ester, appropriate acid or base catalyzed hydrolysis can be carriedout to provide the corresponding free acid in the compound of Formula I.

Reaction Scheme III outlines the general procedures one could use toprovide compounds of the present invention having Formula Ia. Thecompounds of Formula Ia are of Formula I wherein L is —C(R⁵)—X—, X is NHand R² is H.

The nitrile of Formula Va is reacted with an appropriate Grignardreagent R⁵-M wherein M represents a magnesium halide such as magnesiumchloride or magnesium bromide. The reaction is carried out in anappropriate solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or a mixture oftetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether. The reaction is typically carried outat 0° C. to 100° C. and microwave irradiation of the reaction mixture ispreferred. Upon completion of the Grignard reaction the reaction mixtureis then subjected to reduction using an appropriate reducing agent suchas sodium borohydride in an appropriate solvent such as methanol toprovide the amine compound of Formula IVa. The compound of Formula IVais then converted to the compound of Formula Ia as previously describedfor Reaction Scheme II.

Reaction Scheme IV provides the preparation of compounds where L is—XCHR⁵— and X is NH as depicted.

The amine of Formula IVb can be prepared by reduction, such as byhydrogenation, of the corresponding nitro derivative. The amine ofFormula IVb can be converted to the compound of Formula IIIb by twomethods. The first method involves reaction of the amine with thealdehyde of Formula IVb′ followed by alkylation of the resultingaldimine with an appropriate alkylating reagent R⁵-M of Formula IVb″.The reaction of the amine of Formula IVb with the aldehyde of FormulaIVb′ to provide the corresponding aldimine is carried out in anappropriate solvent, such as toluene, typically in the presence ofmolecular sieves, at a temperature from room temperature up to 100° C.for a period of 1 to 24 hours. The reaction mixture containing thealdimine can be filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue canthen be redissolved in a solvent appropriate for the alkylationreaction, such as tetrahydrofuran. Typically, an appropriate metallatedalkylating agent, such as a Grignard reagent R⁵-M of Formula IVb″ whereM represents a metal such as a magnesium halide is employed. Thealkylation reaction can be carried out at a temperature of 0° C. to 60°C. for a period of 1 to 24 hours to provide the compound of FormulaIIIb. When R⁵-M represents a Grignard reagent addition of zinc chlorideto the reaction mixture may be desirable to increase the yield of thecompound of Formula IIIb (see Ishihara, K. et al.; JACS, 2006, 128,9998.

Alternatively, the compound of Formula IIIb can be prepared by reactionof an amine of Formula IVb and a ketone of Formula IVb′″ followed byreduction of the resulting imine. The reaction can be carried out undertypical reductive amination conditions to provide the compound ofFormula IIIb. For example, the amine of Formula IVb and ketone IVb′″ inan appropriate solvent such as dimethoxyethane and in the presence ofmolecular sieves and para-toluene sulfonic acid can be reacted at roomtemperature up to 120° C. (sealed tube) for 1 to 24 hours. The reactionmixture can then be allowed to cool to room temperature and be treatedwith an appropriate reducing agent, such as sodium cyanoborohydride inmethanol, and in the presence of acetic acid for 1 to 24 hours toprovide the compound of Formula IIIb.

The compound of Formula IIIb can be hydrolyzed to provide the free acidcompound of Formula IIb by methods as previously described for thepreparation of the compound of Formula IIa in Reaction Scheme II. Thefree acid compound of Formula IIb can then undergoe amide couplingconditions followed by deprotection if necessary to provide the compoundof Formula Ib as previously described for the conversion of the compoundof Formula IIa to Formula Ia in Reaction Scheme II.

Reaction Scheme V outlines the general procedures that can be used toprovide compounds of the present invention having Formula Ic. Thecompounds of Formula Ic are of Formula I wherein L is —X—C(R⁵)—, X is Oand R² is H.

The compound of Formula IVc is prepared by reaction of an aldehyde ofFormula Vc with an appropriate metallated alkylating compound R⁵-M(Vc′). Typically, R⁵-M is a Grignard reagent in which M represents amagnesium halide, such as magnesium chloride or magnesium bromide. Thereaction is carried out in an appropriate solvent, such astetrahydrofuran, at a temperature from about −78° C. to room temperaturefor a period of 15 minutes to 24 hours to provide the alcohol of FormulaIVc. The alcohol IVc is then coupled with the phenol of Formula IVc′using phenolic ether Mitsunobu reaction conditions (see e.g Mitsunobu,O.; Synthesis, 1981, 1; Lepore, S. D. et al. J. Org. Chem, 2003, 68(21),8261-8263) to provide the compound of Formula IIIc. This reaction istypically carried out in an appropriate solvent such as tetrahydrofuranin the presence of an appropriate coupling reagent such asdiethylazodicarboxylate (DEAD) or diisopropylazodicarboxylate (DIAD) anda phosphine ligand such as triphenylphosphine. The reaction is typicallyrun at a temperature from about 0° C. to room temperature for 1 to 24hours. The compound IIIc can then be hydrolyzed to the compound ofFormula IIc followed by amide formation and deprotection, as necessary,to provide the compound of Formula Ic as previously described for thecorresponding steps in Reaction Scheme II.

Reaction Scheme VI outlines the general procedures that can be used toprovide compounds of the present invention having Formula Id. Thecompounds of Formula Id are of Formula I wherein L is —C(R⁵)—X—, X is Oand R² is H.

The compound of Formula Id is prepared in an analogous manner to thepreparation of the compound of Formula Ic in Reaction Scheme V bysubstituting the compounds of Formula Vd, Vd′, IVd, IVd′, IIId and IIdfor the compounds Vc, Vc′, IVc, IVc′, IIIc and IIc as previouslydescribed.

Reaction Scheme VII outlines the general procedures one could use toprovide compounds of the present invention having Formula Ia. Thecompounds of Formula Ia are of Formula I wherein R¹ is in the paraposition, L is —X—C(R⁵)—, X is CH₂ and R² is H.

The phosphomium bromide compound of Formula VIIe may be treated with anappropriate base and then reacted with the ketone derivative of FormulaVIIe′ to provide the olefinic compound of Formula VIe. The compound ofFormula VIIe is typically treated with a base such as lithiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LHMDS) in an appropriate solvent such astoluene at −78° C. up to room temperature. Other bases that can beemployed include lithium amides such as lithium diisopropylamide (LDA),lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidide (LiTMP) or lithium diethyl amideas well as alkyl lithiums such as methyl lithium or n-butyl lithium.

The compound of Formula VIe can then be reacted with the heteroarylcompound R¹-M (VIe′ wherein M is hydrogen when attached to nitrogen oran appropriate metal when attached to carbon). When M is a metalattached to a carbon in the heteroaryl represented by R¹ the reaction istypically a palladium catalyzed coupling reaction, as was describedpreviously for the first step in Reaction Scheme II to provide thecompound of Formula Ve. When M is hydrogen attached to nitrogen in theheteroaryl R¹, the nucleophilic substitution reaction is typicallycarried out in an appropriate solvent in the presence of a base. Thecompound of Formula Ve is then subjected to hydrolysis, typically inmethanol and tetrahydrofuran using sodium hydroxide as base at 0° C. toroom temperature for a period of 1 to 24 hours to provide the free acidof formula IVe. The free acid of Formula IVe can then be reacted withthe amine R^(3′)—NH₂ using the amide coupling conditions previouslydescribed for Reaction Scheme II to provide the compound of FormulaIIIe. The compound of Formula IIIe is then subjected to hydrogenation toreduce the olefinic moiety and provide the compound of Formula Ile. Thehydrogenation is typically carried out in the presence of an appropriatehydrogenation catalyst, such as 10% palladium on carbon (Pd/C), in anappropriate solvent such as methanol at a temperature from roomtemperature up to 50° C. Hydrogenation apparatus such as the ThalesNanoH-Cube® hydrogenator (ThalesNano, Budapest, Hungary) with a 10% Pd/Ccartridge can be employed for this step. The compound of Formula Ile canthen be deprotected as necessary and as previously described forReaction Scheme II to provide the compound of Formula Ie.

Reaction Scheme VIII outlines another general procedure that can be usedto provide compounds of the present invention having Formula Ic. Thecompounds of Formula Ic are of Formula I wherein L is —X—C(R⁵)—, X is Oand R² is H.

The compound of Formula Vf in which Lg is an appropriate halide,preferably iodide, and R^(3′) represents a protected R³ group (such asan ester of an appropriate R³ carboxylic acid group) can be treated withmagnesium in an appropriate solvent to provide the correspondingGrignard reagent. The Grignard reagent can then be reacted with thealdehyde R⁵—CHO to provide the compound of Formula IVf. The compound ofFormula IVf can undergoe Mitsunobu coupling with the compound of FormulaIVc′ as previously described for Reaction Scheme V to provide thecompound of Formula IIIf. Deprotection of the compound of Formula IIIf,for example by hydrolysis of an ester as previously described, thenprovides the compound of Formula Ic.

The compounds of the present invention may be isolated and used per se,or when possible, in the form of its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.The term “salts” refers to inorganic and organic salts of a compound ofthe present invention. These salts can be prepared in situ during thefinal isolation and purification of a compound, or by separatelyreacting the compound with a suitable organic or inorganic acid or baseand isolating the salt thus formed. Representative salts include thehydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, sulfate, bisulfate, nitrate,acetate, trifluoroacetate, oxalate, besylate, palmitiate, pamoate,malonate, stearate, laurate, malate, borate, benzoate, lactate,phosphate, hexafluorophosphate, benzene sulfonate, tosylate, formate,citrate, maleate, fumarate, succinate, tartrate, naphthylate, mesylate,glucoheptonate, lactobionate, and laurylsulphonate salts, and the like.These may include cations based on the alkali and alkaline earth metals,such as sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like, aswell as non-toxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cationsincluding, but not limited to, ammonium, tetramethylammonium,tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine,triethylamine, ethylamine, and the like. See, e.g., Berge, et al., J.Pharm. Sci., 66, 1-19 (1977).

The compounds of the present invention may contain asymmetric or chiralcenters, and, therefore, exist in different stereoisomeric forms. Unlessspecified otherwise, it is intended that all stereoisomeric forms of thecompounds of the present invention as well as mixtures thereof,including racemic mixtures, form part of the present invention. Inaddition, the present invention embraces all geometric and positionalisomers. For example, if a compound of the present inventionincorporates a double bond or a fused ring, both the cis- andtrans-forms, as well as mixtures, are embraced within the scope of theinvention.

Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individualdiastereoisomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences bymethods well known to those skilled in the art, such as bychromatography and/or fractional crystallization. Enantiomers can beseparated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomericmixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g.,chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride),separating the diastereoisomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) theindividual diastereoisomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers. Also,some of the compounds of the present invention may be atropisomers(e.g., substituted biaryls) and are considered as part of thisinvention. Enantiomers can also be separated by use of a chiral HPLCcolumn. Alternatively, the specific stereoisomers may be synthesized byusing an optically active starting material, by asymmetric synthesisusing optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, orby converting one stereoisomer into the other by asymmetrictransformation.

It is also possible that the intermediates and compounds of the presentinvention may exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such formsare embraced within the scope of the invention. The term “tautomer” or“tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energieswhich are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. For example, protontautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversionsvia migration of a proton, such as keto-enol and imine-enamineisomerizations. A specific example of a proton tautomer is the imidazolemoiety where the proton may migrate between the two ring nitrogens.Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some ofthe bonding electrons. For example, the pyrimidonr ring of thisinvention may also exist in its hydroxy pyrimidine form. Both such formsare included in the compounds of Formula I.

Certain compounds of the present invention may exist in different stableconformational forms which may be separable. Torsional asymmetry due torestricted rotation about an asymmetric single bond, for example,because of steric hindrance or ring strain, may permit separation ofdifferent conformers.

The present invention also embraces isotopically-labeled compounds ofthe present invention which are identical to those recited herein, butfor the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having anatomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass numberusually found in nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporatedinto compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon,nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, iodine, and chlorine,such as ²H, ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹³N, ¹⁵N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ³¹P, ³²P, ³⁵S,¹⁸F, ¹²³I, ¹²⁵I and ³⁶Cl, respectively.

Certain isotopically-labeled compounds of the present invention (e.g.,those labeled with ³H and ¹⁴C) are useful in compound and/or substratetissue distribution assays. Tritiated (i.e., ³H) and carbon-14 (i.e.,¹⁴C) isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparationand detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such asdeuterium (i.e., ²H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resultingfrom greater metabolic stability (e.g., increased in vivo half-life orreduced dosage requirements) and hence may be preferred in somecircumstances. Positron emitting isotopes such as ¹⁵O, ¹³N, and ¹⁸F areuseful for positron emission tomography (PET) studies to examinesubstrate occupancy. Isotopically labeled compounds of the presentinvention can generally be prepared by following procedures analogous tothose disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples herein below, bysubstituting an isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopicallylabeled reagent.

Certain compounds of the present invention may exist in more than onecrystal form (generally referred to as “polymorphs”). Polymorphs may beprepared by crystallization under various conditions, for example, usingdifferent solvents or different solvent mixtures for recrystallization;crystallization at different temperatures; and/or various modes ofcooling, ranging from very fast to very slow cooling duringcrystallization. Polymorphs may also be obtained by heating or meltingthe compound of the present invention followed by gradual or fastcooling. The presence of polymorphs may be determined by solid probe NMRspectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powderX-ray diffraction or such other techniques.

Compounds of the present invention are useful for treating diseases,conditions and/or disorders modulated by glucagon; therefore, anotherembodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of thepresent invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, diluentor carrier. The compounds of the present invention (including thecompositions and processes used therein) may also be used in themanufacture of a medicament for the therapeutic applications describedherein.

A typical formulation is prepared by mixing a compound of the presentinvention and a carrier, diluent or excipient. Suitable carriers,diluents and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art andinclude materials such as carbohydrates, waxes, water soluble and/orswellable polymers, hydrophilic or hydrophobic materials, gelatin, oils,solvents, water, and the like. The particular carrier, diluent orexcipient used will depend upon the means and purpose for which thecompound of the present invention is being applied. Solvents aregenerally selected based on solvents recognized by persons skilled inthe art as safe (GRAS) to be administered to a mammal. In general, safesolvents are non-toxic aqueous solvents such as water and othernon-toxic solvents that are soluble or miscible in water. Suitableaqueous solvents include water, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethyleneglycols (e.g., PEG400, PEG300), etc. and mixtures thereof. Theformulations may also include one or more buffers, stabilizing agents,surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspendingagents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants,processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoringagents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation ofthe drug (i.e., a compound of the present invention or pharmaceuticalcomposition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceuticalproduct (i.e., medicament).

The formulations may be prepared using conventional dissolution andmixing procedures. For example, the bulk drug substance (i.e., compoundof the present invention or stabilized form of the compound (e.g.,complex with a cyclodextrin derivative or other known complexationagent)) is dissolved in a suitable solvent in the presence of one ormore of the excipients described above. The compound of the presentinvention is typically formulated into pharmaceutical dosage forms toprovide an easily controllable dosage of the drug and to give thepatient an elegant and easily handleable product.

The pharmaceutical compositions also include solvates and hydrates ofthe compounds of Formula I. The term “solvate” refers to a molecularcomplex of a compound represented by Formula I (includingpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) with one or more solventmolecules. Such solvent molecules are those commonly used in thepharmaceutical art, which are known to be innocuous to the recipient,e.g., water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and the like, The term “hydrate”refers to the complex where the solvent molecule is water. The solvatesand/or hydrates preferably exist in crystalline form. Other solvents maybe used as intermediate solvates in the preparation of more desirablesolvates, such as methanol, methyl t-butyl ether, ethyl acetate, methylacetate, (S)-propylene glycol, (R)-propylene glycol, 1,4-butyne-diol,and the like.

The pharmaceutical composition (or formulation) for application may bepackaged in a variety of ways depending upon the method used foradministering the drug. Generally, an article for distribution includesa container having deposited therein the pharmaceutical formulation inan appropriate form. Suitable containers are well-known to those skilledin the art and include materials such as bottles (plastic and glass),sachets, ampoules, plastic bags, metal cylinders, and the like. Thecontainer may also include a tamper-proof assemblage to preventindiscreet access to the contents of the package. In addition, thecontainer has deposited thereon a label that describes the contents ofthe container. The label may also include appropriate warnings.

The present invention further provides a method of treating diseases,conditions and/or disorders modulated by glucagon in an animal thatincludes administering to an animal in need of such treatment atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present inventionor a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of acompound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptableexcipient, diluent, or carrier. The method is particularly useful fortreating diseases, conditions and/or disorders that benefit from themodulation of glucagon which include: eating disorders (e.g., bingeeating disorder, anorexia, bulimia, weight loss or control and obesity),prevention of obesity and insulin resistance.

One aspect of the present invention is the treatment of obesity, andobesity-related disorders (e.g., overweight, weight gain, or weightmaintenance).

Obesity and overweight are generally defined by body mass index (BMI),which is correlated with total body fat and estimates the relative riskof disease. BMI is calculated by weight in kilograms divided by heightin meters squared (kg/m²). Overweight is typically defined as a BMI of25-29.9 kg/m², and obesity is typically defined as a BMI of 30 kg/m².See, e.g., National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, ClinicalGuidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment ofOverweight and Obesity in Adults, The Evidence Report, Washington, D.C.:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH publication no.98-4083 (1998).

Another aspect of the present invention is for the treatment or delayingthe progression or onset of diabetes or diabetes-related disordersincluding Type 1 (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, also referred toas “IDDM”) and Type 2 (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, alsoreferred to as “NIDDM”) diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, insulinresistance, hyperglycemia, and diabetic complications (such asatherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vasculardisease, nephropathy, hypertension, neuropathy, and retinopathy).

Yet another aspect of the present invention is the treatment ofdiabetes- or obesity-related co-morbidities, such as metabolic syndrome.Metabolic syndrome includes diseases, conditions or disorders such asdyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes (e.g., Type 2diabetes), weight gain, coronary artery disease and heart failure. Formore detailed information on Metabolic Syndrome, see, e.g., Zimmet, P.Z., et al., “The Metabolic Syndrome: Perhaps an Etiologic Mystery butFar From a Myth Where Does the International Diabetes FederationStand?,” Diabetes & Endocrinology, 7(2), (2005); and Alberti, K. G., etal., “The Metabolic Syndrome—A New Worldwide Definition,” Lancet, 366,1059-62 (2005). Preferably, administration of the compounds of thepresent invention provides a statistically significant (p<0.05)reduction in at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor, such aslowering of plasma leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or cholesterol,as compared to a vehicle control containing no drug. The administrationof compounds of the present invention may also provide a statisticallysignificant (p<0.05) reduction in glucose serum levels.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, the condition treated isimpaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, diabetic complications suchas sugar cataracts, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabeticretinopathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy, anorexia nervosa, bulimia,cachexia, hyperuricemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia,hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, mixed dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis,acute heart failure, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease,cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, hypertension,hypotension, stroke, ischemia, ischemic reperfusion injury, aneurysm,restenosis, vascular stenosis, solid tumors, skin cancer, melanoma,lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer,esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer,liver cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer,testicular cancer and ovarian cancer.

The present invention also relates to therapeutic methods for treatingthe above described conditions in a mammal, including a human, wherein acompound of Formula I of this invention is administered as part of anappropriate dosage regimen designed to obtain the benefits of thetherapy. The appropriate dosage regimen, the amount of each doseadministered and the intervals between doses of the compound will dependupon the compound of formula (I) of this invention being used, the typeof pharmaceutical compositions being used, the characteristics of thesubject being treated and the severity of the conditions.

In general, an effective dosage for the compounds of the presentinvention is in the range of 0.01 mg/kg/day to 30 mg/kg/day, preferably0.01 mg/kg/day to 5 mg/kg/day of active compound in single or divideddoses. However, some variability in the general dosage range may berequired depending upon the age and weight of the subject being treated,the intended route of administration, the particular compound beingadministered and the like. The determination of dosage ranges andoptimal dosages for a particular patient is well within the ability ofone of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the instantdisclosure. Practitioners will appreciate that “kg” refers to the weightof the patient measured in kilograms.

The compounds or compositions of this invention may be administered insingle (e.g., once daily) or multiple doses or via constant infusion.The compounds of this invention may also be administered alone or incombination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, vehicles ordiluents, in either single or multiple doses. Suitable pharmaceuticalcarriers, vehicles and diluents include inert solid diluents or fillers,sterile aqueous solutions and various organic solvents.

The compounds or compositions of the present invention may beadministered to a subject in need of treatment by a variety ofconventional routes of administration, including orally andparenterally, (e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously or intramedullary).Further, the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may beadministered intranasally, as a suppository, or using a “flash”formulation, i.e., allowing the medication to dissolve in the mouthwithout the need to use water.

It is also noted that the compounds of the present invention can be usedin sustained release, controlled release, and delayed releaseformulations, which forms are also well known to one of ordinary skillin the art.

The compounds of this invention may also be used in conjunction withother pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of the diseases,conditions and/or disorders described herein. Therefore, methods oftreatment that include administering compounds of the present inventionin combination with other pharmaceutical agents are also provided.Suitable pharmaceutical agents that may be used in combination with thecompounds of the present invention include anti-obesity agents(including appetite suppressants), anti-diabetic agents,anti-hyperglycemic agents, lipid lowering agents, and anti-hypertensiveagents.

Suitable anti-diabetic agents include an acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2(ACC-2) inhibitor, a diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT-1)inhibitor, a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-10 inhibitor, a sulfonylurea (e.g.,acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, diabinese, glibenclamide, glipizide,glyburide, glimepiride, gliclazide, glipentide, gliquidone, glisolamide,tolazamide, and tolbutamide), a meglitinide, an α-amylase inhibitor(e.g., tendamistat, trestatin and AL-3688), an α-glucoside hydrolaseinhibitor (e.g., acarbose), an α-glucosidase inhibitor (e.g., adiposine,camiglibose, emiglitate, miglitol, voglibose, pradimicin-Q, andsalbostatin), a PPARγ agonist (e.g., balaglitazone, ciglitazone,darglitazone, englitazone, isaglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone andtroglitazone), a PPAR α/γ agonist (e.g., CLX-0940, GW-1536, GW-1929,GW-2433, KRP-297, L-796449, LR-90, MK-0767 and SB-219994), a biguanide(e.g., metformin), a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist (e.g.,exendin-3 and exendin-4), a protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B)inhibitor (e.g., trodusquemine, hyrtiosal extract, and compoundsdisclosed by Zhang, S., et al., Drug Discovery Today, 12(9/10), 373-381(2007)), SIRT-1 inhibitor (e.g., resveratrol), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV(DPP-IV) inhibitor (e.g., sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin andsaxagliptin), an SGLT1 inhibitor, an SGLT2 inhibitor (e.g.dapagliflozin, remogliflozin, sergliflozin and AVE2268), an insulinsecreatagogue, a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor, an A2 antagonist, ac-jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, insulin, an insulinmimetic, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, and a VPAC2 receptoragonist. Preferred anti-diabetic agents for the combination aspects aremetformin, SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g. dapagliflozin, remogliflozin,sergliflozin and AVE2268) and DPP-IV inhibitors (e.g., sitagliptin,vildagliptin, alogliptin and saxagliptin). Preferred combinationsinclude the instant compounds of Formula I with metformin and a DPP-IVinhibitor or with metformin and an SGLT2 inhibitor.

Suitable anti-obesity agents include 11β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase-1(11β-HSD type 1) inhibitors, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1)inhibitor, MCR-4 agonists, cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) agonists, monoaminereuptake inhibitors (such as sibutramine), sympathomimetic agents, β₃adrenergic agonists, dopamine agonists (such as bromocriptine),melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogs, 5HT2c agonists, melaninconcentrating hormone antagonists, leptin (the OB protein), leptinanalogs, leptin agonists, galanin antagonists, lipase inhibitors (suchas tetrahydrolipstatin, i.e. orlistat), anorectic agents (such as abombesin agonist), neuropeptide-Y antagonists (e.g., NPY Y5antagonists), PYY₃₋₃₆ (including analogs thereof), thyromimetic agents,dehydroepiandrosterone or an analog thereof, glucocorticoid agonists orantagonists, orexin antagonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists,ciliary neurotrophic factors (such as Axokine™ available from RegeneronPharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, N.Y. and Procter & Gamble Company,Cincinnati, Ohio), human agouti-related protein (AGRP) inhibitors,ghrelin antagonists, histamine 3 antagonists or inverse agonists,neuromedin U agonists, MTP/ApoB inhibitors (e.g., gut-selective MTPinhibitors, such as dirlotapide), opioid antagonist, orexin antagonist,and the like.

Preferred anti-obesity agents for use in the combination aspects of thepresent invention include gut-selective MTP inhibitors (e.g.,dirlotapide, mitratapide and implitapide, R56918 (CAS No. 403987) andCAS No. 913541-47-6), CCKa agonists (e.g.,N-benzyl-2-[4-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-2,3,6,10b-tetraaza-benzo[e]azulen-6-yl]-N-isopropyl-acetamidedescribed in PCT Publication No. WO 2005/116034 or US Publication No.2005-0267100 A1), 5HT2c agonists (e.g., lorcaserin), MCR4 agonist (e.g.,compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,818,658), lipase inhibitor (e.g.,Cetilistat), PYY₃₋₃₆ (as used herein “PYY₃₋₃₆” includes analogs, such aspeglated PYY₃₋₃₆ e.g., those described in US Publication 2006/0178501),opioid antagonists (e.g., naltrexone), oleoyl-estrone (CAS No.1080003-17-2), obinepitide (TM30338), pramlintide (Symlin®), tesofensine(NS2330), leptin, liraglutide, bromocriptine, orlistat, exenatide(Byetta®), AOD-9604 (CAS No. 221231-10-3) and sibutramine. Preferably,compounds of the present invention and combination therapies areadministered in conjunction with exercise and a sensible diet.

All of the above recited U.S. patents and publications are incorporatedherein by reference.

Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by the followingExamples. It is to be understood, however, that the embodiments of theinvention are not limited to the specific details of these Examples, asother variations thereof will be known, or apparent in light of theinstant disclosure, to one of ordinary skill in the art.

EXAMPLES

Unless specified otherwise, starting materials are generally availablefrom commercial sources such as Aldrich Chemicals Co. (Milwaukee, Wis.),Lancaster Synthesis, Inc. (Windham, N.H.), Acros Organics (Fairlawn,N.J.), Maybridge Chemical Company, Ltd. (Cornwall, England), TygerScientific (Princeton, N.J.), and AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals (London,England).

General Experimental Procedures

NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian Unity™ 400 (available from VarianInc., Palo Alto, Calif.) at room temperature at 400 MHz for proton.Chemical shifts are expressed in parts per million (δ) relative toresidual solvent as an internal reference. The peak shapes are denotedas follows: s, singlet; d, doublet; dd, doublet of doublet; t, triplet;q, quartet; m, multiplet; bs, broad singlet; 2s, two singlets.Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectra (APCI) wereobtained on a Fisons™ Platform II Spectrometer (carrier gas:acetonitrile: available from Micromass Ltd, Manchester, UK). Chemicalionization mass spectra (CI) were obtained on a Hewlett-Packard™ 5989instrument (ammonia ionization, PBMS: available from Hewlett-PackardCompany, Palo Alto, Calif.). Electrospray ionization mass spectra (ES)were obtained on a Waters™ ZMD instrument (carrier gas: acetonitrile:available from Waters Corp., Milford, Mass.). High resolution massspectra (HRMS) were obtained on an Agilent™ Model 6210 using time offlight method. Where the intensity of chlorine or bromine-containingions are described, the expected intensity ratio was observed(approximately 3:1 for ³⁵Cl/³⁷Cl-containing ions and 1:1 for⁷⁹Br/⁸¹Br-containing ions) and the intensity of only the lower mass ionis given. In some cases only representative ¹H NMR peaks are given.Optical rotations were determined on a PerkinElmer™ 241 polarimeter(available from PerkinElmer Inc., Wellesley, Mass.) using the sodium Dline (λ=589 nm) at the indicated temperature and are reported as follows[α]_(D) ^(temp), concentration (c=g/100 ml), and solvent.

Column chromatography was performed with either Baker™ silica gel (40μm; J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, N.J.) or Silica Gel 50 (EM Sciences™,Gibbstown, N.J.) in glass columns or in Flash 40 Biotage™ columns (ISC,Inc., Shelton, Conn.) or Biotage™ SNAP cartridge KPsil or Redisep Rfsilica (from Teledyne™ Isco™) under low nitrogen pressure. Chiral SFC(supercritical fluid chromatography) was performed on the chiral columnsas specified.

Certain solvents and reagents may be referred to using commonabbreviations such as DCM for dichloromethane, DMF fordimethylformamide, EtOH for ethanol, EtOAc for ethyl acetate, and MeOHfor methanol, for example.

Preparation of Starting Materials and Intermediates

The following starting materials are available from the correspondingsources:

(Z)—N-(3-(dimethylamino)-2-(trifluoromethyl)allylidene)-N-methylmethanaminiumhexafluorophosphate—Anichem LLC (North Brunswick, N.J., USA);4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole—Anichem LLC (North Brunswick, N.J., USA);tert-butyl 3-(tert-butylamino)propanoate—Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC (SanDiego, Calif., USA); 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazole—Ambinter(Paris, France); methyl 6-formylnicotinate—Ark Pharm Inc. (Libertyville,Ill., USA); 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole—Anichem LLC (NorthBrunswick, N.J., USA); 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole—Ark Pharm Inc.(Libertyville, Ill., USA); 4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole—ASDIInc. (Newark, Del., USA); 3-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole—AccelPharmtech LLC (East Brunswick, N.J., USA);3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole—Beta Pharma Inc. (Branford, Conn.,USA); 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole—APAC Pharmaceutical LLC(Columbia, Mass., USA); ethyl 2-chloropyrimidine-5-carboxylate—Ark PharmInc. (Libertyville, Ill., USA); 2-cyclopropylacetaldehyde—Anichem LLC(North Brunswick, N.J., USA); 4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole—OakwoodProducts, Inc. (West Columbia, S.C., USA);2-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine—Oakwood Products, Inc. (West Columbia, S.C.,USA); and 4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole—Aces Pharma, Inc. (Branford,Conn., USA).

Preparation of Intermediates Intermediate (1):(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanol

A mixture of (4-iodophenyl)methanol (1030 mg, 4.41 mmol),4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (600 mg, 4.41 mmol), copper(I) iodide(168 mg, 0.882 mmol), trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (231 mg, 1.76 mmol) andcesium carbonate (2900 mg, 8.82 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (7.5 mL) washeated to 85° C. for 20 hours. The mixture was diluted with water andextracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers weredried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification bycolumn chromatography (0-45% ethyl acetate in heptane), gave(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanol. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 2H),7.47 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (d, J=5.66 Hz, 2H), 1.85 (t, J=5.86 Hz,1H).

Intermediate (2): 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde

A mixture of Intermediate (1) (230 mg, 0.95 mmol), dimethylsulfoxide(1.35 mL) and triethylamine (0.662 mL, 4.75 mmol) in dichloromethane(3.5 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (0.454 g,2.85 mmol) was added in portions and the mixture stirred at 0° C. for 2hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed withsaturated ammonium chloride and brine, dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated to give4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 10.04 (s, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.99-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.95 (s, 1H),7.87-7.92 (m, 2H).

Intermediate (3):1-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole

A mixture of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole (198 mg, 1.46 mmol),1-fluoro-2-methyl-4-nitrobenzene (216 mg, 1.53 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (402 mg, 2.91 mmol) in acetonitrile (1.5 mL) was heated to 85°C. for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted with water and saturatedammonium chloride and was extracted with ethyl acetate twice. Thecombined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetatein heptane), gave1-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole. ¹H NMR (500MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.30 (d, J=2.44 Hz, 1H), 8.21-8.25 (m, 1H), 7.70 (s,1H), 7.45-7.49 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H).

Intermediate (4):3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzenamine

A mixture of Intermediate (3) (325 mg, 1.20 mmol) and 10 wt % palladiumon carbon (40 mg) in ethanol (6 mL) was pressurized to 48 psi hydrogenand agitated for 6 hours. The mixture was filtered through celite,rinsing with ethyl acetate and methanol. The filtrate was concentratedto give 3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzenamine. ¹HNMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=8.54 Hz,1H), 6.62 (d, J=2.68 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (dd, J=8.29, 2.44 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (br.s., 2H), 2.08 (s, 3H). MS (M+1): 242.3.

Intermediate (5): Ethyl 4-butyrylbenzoate

At −40° C., isopropylmagnesium chloride lithium chloride (15.3 mL, 1.3 Min THF, 19.9 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of ethyl4-iodobenzoate (5000 mg, 18.11 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL). Thesolution was stirred at −40° C. for 40 minutes. Butyraldehyde (1830 mg,25.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was allowed to warm to roomtemperature over 3 hours. The reaction was quenched with 1N HCl andextracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layerswere dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give ethyl4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.02 (d, J=8.6Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.83-4.66 (m, 1H), 4.38 (q, J=7.2 Hz,2H), 1.86 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H), 1.83-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.39(t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.36-1.23 (m, 1H), 0.94 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

A mixture of the crude alcohol (1.0 g, 4.5 mmol) in dichloromethane(16.7 mL), dimethylsulfoxide (4.79 mL) and triethylamine (2.28 g, 22.5mmol) was cooled to 0° C.

Sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (2.15 g, 13.5 mmol) was added inportions and the mixture stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. The reaction wasthen allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 2 hours. Thereaction was quenched with brine and diluted with dichloromethane. Thelayers were separated and the aqueous was extracted again withdichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-30% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave ethyl4-butyrylbenzoate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.05-8.17 (m, 2H),8.04-7.92 (m, 2H), 4.40 (q, J=7.15 Hz, 2H), 2.96 (t, J=7.22 Hz, 2H),1.86-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.40 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H), 1.00 (t, J=7.22 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (6):6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

A mixture of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole (2000 mg, 14.70 mmol),2-chloro-5-nitropyridine (2330 mg, 14.70 mmol), and potassium carbonate(4060 mg, 29.4 mmol) in acetonitrile (14.7 mL) was heated at 85° C.overnight. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted three timeswith ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine,dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude residuewas dissolved in ethanol (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (15 mL). 10 wt %Palladium on carbon (500 mg) was added to the solution. The mixture waspressurized to 50 psi hydrogen and was shaken for 5 hours. The reactionwas filtered through celite, rinsing with methanol. The filtrate wasconcentrated to give6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=2.73 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H),7.20-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.09 (m, 1H), 3.13-2.30 (m, 2H). MS (M+HCO2⁻):273.0.

Intermediate (7A):(Z)—N-(3-(dimethylamino)-2-(trifluoromethyl)allylidene)-N-methylmethanaminiumhexafluorophosphate(V)

Phosphoryl chloride (18.0 mL, 200 mmol), was added in an addition funnelover 30 minutes to anhydrous dimethylformamide (40.0 mL) at 0° C. Aftercompletion of the addition, the light pink solution was warmed to roomtemperature and 3,3,3-trifluoropropionic acid (8.90 mL, 101 mmol) wasadded dropwise over 10 minutes. The solution was then warmed to 55° C.and stirred for 4 hours at 55° C. The bright yellow solution was cooledto room temperature and slowly added over 30 minutes to a 0° C. solutionof sodium hexafluorophosphate (19.0 g, 110 mmol) in water (250 mL) whilemaintaining the internal temperature below 10° C. The yellow precipitatewas collected by vacuum filtration and washed with ice cold water (3×150mL). The yellow solid was dried in vacuo and then azeotrophed withtoluene two times and dried again in vacuo to provide(Z)—N-(3-(dimethylamino)-2-(trifluoromethyl)allylidene)-N-methylmethanaminiumhexafluorophosphate(V) as a yellow solid (22.0 g, 64%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CD₃CN, δ): 7.72 (s, 2H), 3.41 (s, 6H), 3.23 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 6H).

Intermediate (7B): 1-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride

In a 3 L 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrerwas added concentrated hydrochloric acid (125 mL) and water (250 mL).4-Bromo-2,6-dimethylbenzenamine (100 g, 500 mmol) was added slowly at 0°C. Stirring was continued for an additional 15 minutes, resulting in athick white slurry. A freshly prepared solution of sodium nitrite (34.5g, 500 mmol) in water (100 mL) was added to the slurry dropwisemaintaining the internal temperature below 5° C. After stirring for 30minutes, a deep orange solution was formed. Tin(II) chloride dehydrate(282 g, 1250 mmol) in 1:1 concentrated hydrochloric acid:water (300 mL)was added dropwise while maintaining the internal temperature between0-5° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour and thenwarmed to room temperature and stirred for 15 hours. The reactionmixture was filtered and washed with diethyl ether. The solid was slowlyadded to an aqueous 10 M solution of sodium hydroxide (1 L) between0-10° C. and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×800 mL). The organic layerwas washed with brine twice, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andconcentrated to give 1-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine (76.0 g,353 mmol). The hydrazine was dissolved in ethyl acetate (800 mL) towhich hydrochloric acid/methanol (88.2 mL) was added. The mixture wasstirred for 25 minutes. The reaction was filtered, washed with ethylacetate until the solid is white. The white solid was dried in vacuo toafford 1-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (80.0 g,64%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ): 9.71 (s, 3H), 7.32 (s, 2H), 6.78 (s,1H), 2.37 (s, 6H).

Intermediate (7):1-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole

(Z)—N-(3-(dimethylamino)-2-(trifluoromethyl)allylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate (3000 mg, 8.819 mmol) and1-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (2480 mg, 9.84mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran. The suspension was cooled to 0°C. Sodium methoxide (551 mg, 9.7 mmol) was added as a solid in oneportion. The ice bath was removed and the mixture warmed to roomtemperature and stirred for 48 hours. Trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL) wasthen added at room temperature. The reaction was heated to 80° C. for 5hours, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodiumbicarbonate twice. The combined aqueous washings were extracted withethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, driedover sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-20% ethyl acetate in heptane), gave1-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole as anoil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.31 (s,2H), 1.99 (s, 6H).

Intermediate (8):3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenamine

A vial containing Intermediate (7) (1200 mg, 3.76 mmol), copper(I)iodide (143 mg, 0.75 mmol), trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (197 mg, 1.50mmol) and potassium carbonate (1570 mg, 11.3 mmol) was purged withnitrogen. Dimethylsulfoxide (7.5 mL) was added followed by ammonia (3.73mL, ˜28% aqueous). The vial was sealed and heated to 75° C. for 20hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water,and extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers weredried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenamine. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 6.37 (s, 2H), 3.82-3.47(br s, 2H), 1.85 (s, 6H). MS (M+H+CH₃CN): 297.2.

Intermediate (9): (+/−)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)benzoate

A solution of 4-formyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (1.56 g, 9.50 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (53 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Isobutylmagnesium chloride(4.75 mL, 2M in THF) was then added dropwise over 15 minutes. Thereaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. The ice bath was removed andthe reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 1hour. The reaction was quenched by carefully adding 1N HCl. The reactionwas diluted with water and diethylether and the layers were separated.The aqueous was extracted three more times with diethyl ether. Thecombined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-40% ethyl acetatein heptane) gave (+/−)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)benzoate (404.6mg, 19%) as a clear, colorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.99 (d,J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.79 (br. s., 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H),1.94 (d, J=2.73, 1 H), 1.65-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.52 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.97(m, 6H).

Intermediate (10): methyl 4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzoate

Intermediate (9) (404.6 mg, 1.820 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane(6.07 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Pyridinium chlorochromate (785 mg, 3.64mmol) was added. The ice bath was removed and the reaction was allowedto warm to room temperature and stir for 48 hours. The reaction wasdiluted with dichloromethane and magnesium sulfate was added. Thismixture was stirred for 10 minutes and was then filtered andconcentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-30% ethyl acetatein heptane) gave methyl 4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzoate (363.7 mg, 91%) asa clear, colorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.07-8.13 (m, 2H),7.95-8.00 (m, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 2.82-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.28 (dt, J=13.4,6.8 Hz, 1H), 0.99 (d, 6H).

Intermediate (11): 4-fluoro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole

To a solution of 4-fluoro-1H-pyrazole (250 mg, 2.90 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (803 mg, 5.81 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) was added4-fluoronitrobenzene (430 mg, 3.05 mmol). The resulting mixture wasstirred at 70° C. for 2 hours. The reaction was then filtered andconcentrated. Purification by column chromatography gave4-fluoro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole (400 mg, 67%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 8.34 (d, 2H), 7.91 (d, 1H), 7.81 (d, 2H), 7.67 (d, 1H).

Intermediate (12): 4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)aniline

A mixture of Intermediate (11) (200 mg, 0.965 mmol) and 10 wt %palladium on carbon (100 mg) in ethanol (10 mL) was pressurized to 15psi hydrogen and stirred at 35° C. overnight. The reaction was filteredand concentrated. Purification by column chromatography gave4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)aniline (150 mg, 88%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 7.65 (d, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.37 (d, 2H), 6.72 (d, 2H), 3.76(br s, 2H).

Intermediate (13): 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzonitrile

To a 0° C. solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (1 g, 7 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added 60 wt % sodium hydride (132 mg,3.31 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes.4-fluorobenzonitrile (979 mg, 8.08 mmol) was added and the reaction washeated to 80° C. overnight. Saturated ammonium chloride was added andthe mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was driedover sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography gave 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzonitrile(1.2 g, 72%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.84 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H),7.95 (d, 2H), 7.78 (d, 2H).

Intermediate (14):(+/−)-3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine

A microwave vial was charged with Intermediate (13) (300 mg, 1.26 mmol)and tetrahydrofuran (5 mL). Isobutylmagnesium bromide (1.90 mL, 2M inTHF, 3.80 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was heated to 100° C.under microwave irratiation for 1 hour. The mixture was carefully addedto a solution of sodium borohydride (95.7 mg, 2.53 mmol) in methanol (5mL) at room temperature. After stirring for 5 minutes, the reaction wasconcentrated to dryness. Purification by column chromatography gave(+/−)-3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine(250 mg, 67%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.69 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H),7.76 (d, 2H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 4.09-4.05 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.60 (m, 2H),1.37-1.34 (m, 1H), 0.86 (d, 3H), 0.82 (d, 3H)

Intermediate (15): (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)benzamido)propanate

To a −20° C. solution of Intermediate 30 (1.28 g, 4.26 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added isobutylmagnesium bromide (2.13 mL, 2Min THF, 4.26 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperatureand stirred for 5 hours. Saturated ammonium chloride was added and themixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layerswere dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.

Purification by column chromatography gave (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)benzamido)propanoate (400 mg,24%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 7.45-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.33 (m, 2H),4.73 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.58 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.45 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.67 (m, 2H),1.57 (s, 9H), 1.50-1.47 (m, 1H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 0.97-0.96 (m, 6H).

Intermediate (16): (+/−)-methyl 4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-hydroxyethyl)benzoate

To a −40° C. solution of methyl 4-iodobenzoate (0.39 g, 1.5 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (7.5 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride lithiumchloride (1.5 mL, 1.3 M in THF, 1.95 mmol) dropwise. After stirring for30 minutes at −40° C., 2-cyclopropylacetaldehyde (190 mg, 2.26 mmol) wasadded dropwise. The resulting mixture was then stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturatedammonium chloride and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. Thelayers were separated and the aqueous was extracted again with ethylacetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography gave(+/−)-methyl 4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-hydroxyethyl)benzoate (150 mg, 45%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.89 (d, 2H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 4.75-4.72 (m, 1H),3.79 (s, 3H), 1.60-1.51 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.51 (m, 1H), 0.49-0.25 (m, 2H),0.07-−0.12 (m, 2H).

Intermediate (17): (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)benzamido)propanoate

To a −20° C. solution of Intermediate (30) (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (1 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium bromide (0.45 mL, 1Min THF, 0.45 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 hours at roomtemperature. Saturated ammonium chloride was then added and the mixturewas extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organiclayers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography gave (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)benzamido)propanoate (45 mg,40%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.26-7.32 (m, 4H), 4.39-4.41 (m, 1H),3.53-3.57 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.41 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.53 (s, 9H),1.34 (s, 9H), 0.97 (m, 3H), 0.79 (m, 3H).

Intermediate (18): 1-azido-4-nitrobenzene

A solution of sodium nitrite (761 mg, 11 mmol) in water (5 mL) was addeddropwise to a 0° C. solution of 4-nitroaniline (508 mg, 3.68 mmol) intrifluoroacetic acid (5 mL). After stirring for 10 minutes, a solutionof sodium azide (1.55 g, 23.9 mmol) was added slowly. The resultingyellow suspension was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. Thereaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography gave 1-azido-4-nitrobenzene (600mg, 99%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.16-8.19 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.09 (m,2H).

Intermediate (19): (+/−)-methyl 4-(cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (16) using cyclopropanecarbaldehyde. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 7.96 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.00 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 1.19-1.12 (m, 1H), 0.59-0.52 (m, 2H),0.43-0.34 (m, 2H).

Intermediate (20): (+/−)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate

A solution of methyl 4-formylbenzoate (2.092 g, 12.74 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was cooled to 0° C. To this solution was addedn-propylmagnesium bromide (6.4 mL, 2.0M in THF) dropwise over 20minutes. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 2 hours. The reaction wasthen quenched by addition of saturated ammonium chloride. This mixturewas extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The organics were dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-40% ethyl acetate in heptanes) gave (+/−)-methyl4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate (1.252 g, 47%) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.97-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.74(dd, J=7.8, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 1.61-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.23-1.49 (m,2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.32 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (21): methyl 4-butyrylbenzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (10) using Intermediate (20). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃,δ): 8.08-8.13 (m, 2H), 7.97-8.01 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 2.96 (t, J=7.3Hz, 2H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.41 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (22): 4-butyrylbenzoic acid

Intermediate (21) (256.1 mg, 1.242 mmol) was dissolved intetrahydrofuran (3 mL) and methanol (3.0 mL). 1N NaOH (3.73 mL) wasadded and the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 3 hours. The reactionwas then cooled to room temperature and concentrated. The crude residuewas taken up in water and acidified to pH=5 with 1N HCl. A whiteprecipitate formed. The solids were filtered off and dried under vacuumto give 4-butyrylbenzoic acid (155.4 mg, 65%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.16-8.21 (m, 2H), 8.01-8.05 (m, 2H), 2.98 (t,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.01 (t, J=7.41 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (23): methyl 3-(4-butyrylbenzamido)propanoate

1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (154 mg,0.801 mmol) was added to a solution of Intermediate (22) (154 mg, 0.801mmol), methyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (90.8 mg, 0.881 mmol),1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (109 mg, 0.801 mmol), and triethylamine(120 μL, 0.86 mmol) in dichloromethane (8.0 mL). The reaction wasstirred at room temperature for 19 hours. The reaction was diluted withdichloromethane and washed with water and brine. The organic layer wasdried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purificationby column chromatography (5-60% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave methyl3-(4-butyrylbenzamido)propanoate (124.1 mg, 56%) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.99 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.83 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H),6.89 (br. s., 1H), 3.69-3.77 (m, 5H), 2.95 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (t,J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 1.71-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.43 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1):278.2.

Intermediate (24): 5-iodo-2-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine

A mixture of 2-fluoro-5-iodopyridine (368.3 mg, 1.652 mmol),4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole (238.2 mg, 1.652 mmol), and potassium carbonate(457 mg, 3.30 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (3.30 mL) was heated to 85°C. for 21 hours. The reaction was then concentrated and the cruderesidue diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The layers were separatedand the aqueous was extracted two more times with ethyl acetate. Thecombined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated to give 5-iodo-2-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (537.2mg, 94%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.76 (s, 1H),8.61 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (dd, J=8.7, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.82(d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.31 (m,1H). MS (M+1): 348.0.

Intermediate (25): 6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

A reaction vial was oven-dried and cooled under nitrogen. To this vialwas added Intermediate (24) (100.9 mg, 0.291 mmol), copper(I) iodide(11.0 mg, 0.058 mmol), trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (15.2 mg, 0.116 mmol),potassium carbonate (122 mg, 0.873 mmol), and dimethylsulfoxide (0.58mL). The vial was capped, evacuated, and back-filled with nitrogen 4times. Ammonium hydroxide (28 wt %, 0.29 mL) was then added. Thereaction was heated to 80° C. for 18 hours. The reaction was then cooledto room temperature and diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The layerswere separated and the aqueous was extracted two more times with ethylacetate. The combined organics were washed once with brine, dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (5-60% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine (42.1 mg, 61%) as a paleyellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.66 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H),7.89 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.60 (m, 2H),7.34-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J=8.7, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.69(br. s., 2H). MS (M+1): 237.2.

Intermediate (26):3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol

A microwave vial was charged withtris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (75.9 mg, 0.13 mmol),2-di-tert-butylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (22.1 mg, 0.051mmol), and potassium hydroxide (113 mg, 1.92 mmol). The vial was capped,evacuated, and back-filled with nitrogen three times. A solution ofIntermediate (7) (204 mg, 0.64 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (0.38 mL) was added,followed by degassed water (0.38 mL). The reaction was heated at 100° C.for 2.5 hours. The reaction was quenched with 1 N HCl and extractedthree times with ethyl acetate. The organics were dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-15% ethyl acetate in heptane) provided3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol (120 mg,73%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.72(s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 2H), 1.92 (s, 6H). MS (M+1): 257.

Alternatively, intermediate (26) can be prepared as follows. To a flaskcontaining Intermediate (7) (15.0 g, 47.0 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (28.1 mL)and degassed water (28.1 mL), was addedtris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (557 mg, 0.94 mmol),2-di-tert-butylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (1.6 g, 3.76mmol), and potassium hydroxide (3.3 g, 141.0 mmol). The reaction waspurged with nitrogen and then heated at 95° C. for 1 hour. The reactionwas quenched with 1 N HCl and extracted three times with ethyl acetate.The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.The crude material was filtered through a plug of silica (5-10% ethylacetate in heptane). The concentrated material was then triturated threetimes with heptanes to provide3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol (11 g, 91%)as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.72 (s,1H), 6.50 (s, 2H), 1.92 (s, 6H). MS (M+H): 257.

Intermediate (27): (+/−)-methyl 4-(1-(4-iodophenoxy)butyl)benzoate

Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (880 μL, 4.47 mmol) was added to a roomtemperature solution of Intermediate (20) (929 mg, 4.46 mmol),4-iodophenol (987 mg, 4.49 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (1.17 g, 4.46mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (22 mL). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction was then diluted with diethylether(30 mL). The mixture was washed successively with 1N NaOH and saturatedammonium chloride. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate,filtered and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography gave(+/−)-methyl 4-(1-(4-iodophenoxy)butyl)benzoate (1.38 g, 75%) as acolorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.95-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.45(m, 2H), 7.32-7.38 (m, 2H), 6.52-6.59 (m, 2H), 5.03-5.10 (m, 1H), 3.88(s, 3H), 1.89-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.52 (m, 2H),0.89-0.95 (m, 3H).

Intermediate (28): Preparation of1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole

(Z)—N-(3-(dimethylamino)-2-(trifluoromethyl)allylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate (4.46 g, 13.1 mmol) and4-methoxyphenyl hydrazine hydrochloride (2.55 g, 14.6 mmol) weresuspended in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Sodiummethoxide (820 mg, 14 mmol) was added as a solid in one portion. Themixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes. The ice bath was removedand the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixturewas cooled again to 0° C. and trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL) was added. Theice bath was removed and the mixture heated to reflux. After 18 hours atreflux, the reaction was cooled to room temperature and diluted withethyl acetate (50 mL). The mixture was washed successively withsaturated sodium bicarbonate until the washings were basic. The combinedaqueous washings were extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organiclayers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filteredand concentrated. The crude material was passed through a plug of silicagel (100 g), eluting with dichloromethane (600 mL). The filtrate wasconcentrated to give 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole(2.7 g, 85%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H),7.53-7.59 (m, 2H), 6.94-7.00 (m, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H).

Intermediate (29): 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol

Intermediate (28) (2.63 g, 10.9 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane(50 mL). The solution was cooled to −78° C. Boron tribromide (2.0 mL, 21mmol) was added dropwise over 10 minutes. Following the addition, themixture was allowed to gradually warm to room temperature and stirovernight. The resulting clear red solution was cooled to 0° C. andadditional boron tribromide (1 mL) was added. The ice bath was removedand the solution stirred at room temperature. After 6 hours the solutionwas cooled to 0° C. and quenched by slow addition of anhydrous methanol(15 mL). The resulting mixture was washed with water. The aqueous layerwas extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers werewashed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated to give 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol (2.46g, 99%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H),7.45-7.51 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.92 (m, 2H), 5.65-5.85 (br s, 1H).

Intermediate (30): tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-formylbenzamido)propanoate

N,N-dimethylformamide (25 μL) was added to a room temperature suspensionof 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (2.0 g, 13 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (1.14 mL,13.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature 30 minutes, then heated to reflux for 5 hours. The reactionmixture was concentrated. A solution of tert-butyl3-(tert-butylamino)propanoate (2.68 g, 13.3 mmol) and triethylamine (1.9mL, 13 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added to the crude acidchloride. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thereaction was washed with water, then brine. The organic layer was driedover magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-formylbenzamido)propanoate (4.47 g, 100%). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 10.01 (s, 1H), 7.86-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.49 (m, 2H),3.46-3.54 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.41 (m, 2H), 1.52 (s, 9H), 1.31 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (31): ethyl 4-(cyclopentanecarbonyl)benzoate

At −40° C., isopropylmagnesium chloride lithium chloride (13.9 mL, 1.3 Min THF) was added dropwise to a solution of ethyl 4-iodobenzoate (4971mg, 18.01 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL). The solution was stirred at−40° C. for 50 minutes. Copper(I) iodide (1.03 g, 5.4 mmol) was added.The mixture was allowed to warm to −15° C. and stir for 8 minutes. Thesolution was cooled back to −40° C. and cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride(3580 mg, 27.0 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was allowed togradually warm to 0° C. over 3 hours. The mixture was quenched with 1 NHCl (20 mL) and diluted with ethyl acetate. The mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 5 min. A white precipitate formed. The mixture wasfiltered through celite and the filtrate transferred to a separatoryfunnel. The layers were separated. The aqueous was extracted twice withethyl acetate. The combined organics were washed with brine, dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-20% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave ethyl4-(cyclopentanecarbonyl)benzoate as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ):8.13-8.08 (m, 2H), 8.02-7.97 (m, 2H), 4.39 (q, J=7.22 Hz, 2H), 3.77-3.65(m, 1H), 1.99-1.79 (m, 4H), 1.77-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.40 (t, J=7.22 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (32):6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (6) using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.68 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=2.73 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H),7.75 (d, J=8.58 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J=8.68, 2.83 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (br. s,2H). MS (M+1): 229.1.

Intermediate (33): (+/−)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methylbutan-1-ol

4-bromo-iodobenzene (1.42 g, 5.00 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran(50 mL) and cooled to −40° C. A solution of isopropylmagnesium chloridelithium chloride (5 mL, 1.3 M in THF) was added dropwise over 5 minutes.The mixture was stirred at −40° C. for 30 minutes, then 3-methylbutanal(0.81 mL, 7.5 mmol) was added. The reaction was allowed to warm to roomtemperature and stir for 1 hour. The reaction was then quenched byaddition of saturated ammonium chloride (10 mL) and water (40 mL). Themixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL), and the layers wereseparated. The organics were washed with water (50 mL) and brine (25mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purificationby column chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave(+/−)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methylbutan-1-ol (958 mg, 79%) as a clear oil.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.47-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.17 (m, 2H), 4.68(dd, J=8.1, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 1.97 (br. s, 1H), 1.71-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.39(m, 1H), 0.94-0.90 (m, 6H).

Intermediate (34): (+/−)-methyl4-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methylbutoxy)benzoate

Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (609 mg, 4.00 mmol),1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methylbutan-1-ol (1.95 g, 8.00 mmol) andtriphenylphosphine (2.10 g, 8.00 mmol) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran(10 mL). Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.58 mL, 8.00 mmol) was added.The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thereaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) and washed with 0.1 MHCl (3×100 mL) and brine. The organics were dried over magnesiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-30% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave (+/−)-methyl4-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methylbutoxy)benzoate (1.4 g, 93%) as a clearoil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.89-7.83 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.40 (m, 2H),7.21-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.83-6.78 (m, 2H), 5.16 (dd, J=9, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.83(s, 3H), 1.99-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.51 (m, 1H), 0.97(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.92 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (35): (+/−)-1-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)butan-1-ol

2,5-Dibromopyridine (1.08 g, 4.6 mmol) was azeotroped with tolueneseveral times, then dissolved in anhydrous toluene (12 mL) under anitrogen atmosphere. The resulting solution was cooled to −78° C. andn-butyl lithium (2.4 mL, 2.1 M in hexane, 5.0 mmol) was added dropwise,maintaining an internal temperature below −70° C. The resulting orangesolution was stirred for 30 minutes at −78° C., then butyraldehyde wasadded. The resulting solution was stirred for 30 minutes at −78° C. thenquenched by addition of saturated ammonium chloride. The resultingmixture was warmed to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate(25 mL) and water (25 mL). The layers were separated. The organics werewashed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate in heptane)gave (+/−)-1-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)butan-1-ol (738 mg, 70%) as a clearoil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.57 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (dd,J=8.3, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.72-4.66 (m, 1H), 3.58 (d,J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 1.79-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.91 (t, J=7.4 Hz,3H).

Intermediate (36): (+/−)-5-bromo-2-(1-(4-iodophenoxy)butyl)pyridine

Intermediate (35) (738 mg, 3.21 mmol), 4-iodophenol (1.06 g, 4.81 mmol)and triphenylphosphine (1.68 g, 6.41 mmol) were dissolved intetrahydrofuran (10 mL). Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.34 mL, 6.41mmol) was added. The resulting solution was allowed to stir at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction was heated to 50° C. and allowed tostir for 24 hours. The reaction was concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave(+/−)-5-bromo-2-(1-(4-iodophenoxy)butyl)pyridine (540 mg, 39%) as aclear oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.61 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (dd,J=8.4, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.62-6.56(m, 2H), 5.13 (dd, J=8.1, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.99-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.36 (m,2H), 0.94 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 432.0.

Intermediate (37): (+/−)-methyl 4-(cyclopentyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (16) using cyclopentanecarbaldehyde. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 8.005 (m, 2H), 7.413 (m, 2H), 4.50 (m, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H),2.25-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.49 (m, 6H), 1.47-1.43 (m,1H), 1.30-1.11 (m, 1H).

Intermediate (38): 6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ol

Concentrated sulfuric acid (5.5 mL) was added to water (20 mL) andcooled to 0° C. Intermediate (32) (500 mg, 2.19 mmol) was added,followed by the dropwise addition of a solution of sodium nitrite (133mg, 1.93 mmol) in water (1.5 mL). The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for30 minutes. The reaction was then poured into a boiling mixture of water(29 mL) and concentrated sulfuric acid (2.6 mL) and stirred for 30minutes. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, poured onto ice,and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ol (220 mg, 44%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.71 (s, 1H), 7.89 (m, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.71(m, 1H), 7.27-7.24 (m, 1H).

Intermediate (39): 1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ol

1-benzyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole(2.0 g, 7.03 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (18 mL) and cooledto 0° C. 2N NaOH (7.03 mL, 14.06 mmol) and 30% peroxide (14.07 mL) wereadded and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes.The reaction was acidified to pH=2 by addition of 2N HCl and extractedwith dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated to give 1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ol (1.54 g) as ayellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.25-7.21 (m, 3H), 7.08-7.07(m, 3H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 5.06 (s, 2H).

Intermediate (40): 1-benzyl-4-methoxy-1H-pyrazole

To a mixture of Intermediate (39) (588 mg, 3.38 mmol) and cesiumcarbonate (1540 mg, 4.73 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (14.7 mL) wasadded iodomethane (672 mg, 4.73 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was diluted with water andextracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography gave 1-benzyl-4-methoxy-1H-pyrazole (0.586 g, 92%) as ayellow oil. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.29-7.22 (m, 3H), 7.19 (s, 1H),7.14 (m, 2H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 3.64 (s, 3H).

Intermediate (41): 4-methoxy-1H-pyrazole

Intermediate (40) (586 mg, 3.11 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (70 mL)and 1N HCl (7.78 mL). Palladium hydroxide on carbon (0.734 g, 4.83 mmol)was added. The mixture was pressurized to 50 psi hydrogen and agitatedat room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered throughcelite and the filtrate concentrated to give 4-methoxy-1H-pyrazole (110mg, 36%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 7.64 (br s, 2H),3.64 (s, 3H).

Intermediate (42): (+/−)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyl)benzoate

To a −40° C. solution of methyl 4-iodobenzoate (1 g, 4 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride lithiumchloride (3.82 mL, 1.3 M in THF, 4.98 mmol). The mixture was stirred at−40° C. for 30 minutes. 3,3-Dimethylbutanal (573 mg, 2.86 mmol) wasadded. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. Water(10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography gave (+/−)-methyl4-(1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyl)benzoate (640 mg, 95%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.34 (d, 2H), 4.81-4.84 (m, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H),1.70-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.49 (m, 1H), 0.94 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (43): methyl 4-(3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)benzoate

To a 0° C. solution of Intermediate (42) (0.300 g, 1.27 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (261 mL, 2.29mmol) followed by1,1,1-Tris(acetyloxy)-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-(1H)-one (862 mg,2.03 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of 1M sodium hydrosulfite(10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was driedover sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography gave methyl 4-(3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)benzoate (220 mg,74%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.04 (d, 2H), 7.90 (d, 2H), 3.88 (s,3H), 2.82 (s, 2H), 0.99 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (44): methyl 4-(cyclohexanecarbonyl)benzoate

Magnesium turnings (324 mg, 13.5 mmol) were suspended in tetrahydrofuran(20 mL). A crystal of iodine was added. Bromocyclohexane (2.00 g, 12.26mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. Themixture was then added to a −5° C. solution of methyl4-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)benzoate (456 mg, 2.04 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (5 mL). The reaction was stirred 1 hour, maintaining aninternal temperature below 0° C. The reaction was quenched withsaturated ammonium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography gave methyl4-(cyclohexanecarbonyl)benzoate (160 mg, 32%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃,δ): 8.10-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.96-7.98 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.22-3.25 (m,1H), 1.90-1.82 (m, 4H), 1.76-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 5H).

Intermediate (45): (+/−)-methyl 4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (16) using cyclobutanecarbaldehyde. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 7.93-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.39 (m, 2H), 4.64 (m, 1H), 3.90 (s,3H), 2.57-2.65 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.91 (m, 4H).

Intermediate (46): (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-(1-hydroxypropyl)benzamido) propanoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (17), using ethylmagnesium bromide. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 7.29-7.35 (m, 4H), 4.59-4.62 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.57 (m, 2H),2.37-2.41 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.53 (s, 9H), 1.34 (s, 9H),0.87-0.91 (m, 3H).

Intermediate (47): 4-(4-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)aniline

A solution of 1-azido-4-nitrobenzene (0.500 g, 3.05 mmol) and3-bromoprop-1-yne (1.45 g, 12.2 mmol) in toluene (3 mL) was heated to60° C. for 24 hours in a sealed tube. Additional 3-bromoprop-1-yne (1.45g, 12.2 mmol) was added and the solution stirred at 60° C. overnight.The reaction mixture was concentrated to an orange solid. The cruderesidue was dissolved in ethanol (100 mL). 10 wt % Palladium on carbon(150 mg) was added and the mixture was pressurized to 50 psi hydrogenand stirred for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered throughcelite and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was slurried inethyl acetate. The mixture was filtered, and the solid dried undervacuum to give 4-(4-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)aniline (300 mg). ¹HNMR(400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.03 (m, 2H), 7.58 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s,3H).

Intermediate (48): (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzamido) propanoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (17) using n-propylmagnesium bromide. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 7.33 (m, 4H), 4.69 (m, 1H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 1.77(m, 4H), 1.52 (s, 9H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 0.90 (m, 3H).

Intermediate (49): (+/−)-methyl4-(1-(5-iodopyridin-2-yloxy)butyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (27) using 2-hydroxy-5-iodopyridine. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 8.19 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.99-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.73 (dd, J=8.7,2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.39 (m, 2H), 6.61 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.00 (dd, J=7.8,5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.03-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.74 (m, 1H),1.49-1.27 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.41 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 412.1.

Intermediate (50): 6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ol

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (38) using Intermediate (6). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD,δ): 8.71 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.24(m, 1H).

Intermediate (51): 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (3), using 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene and4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.38 (m,1H), 8.30 (m, 1H), 7.97 (s, 2H), 7.90 (m, 2H).

Intermediate (52): 4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]aniline

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (4) using Intermediate (51). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃,δ): 8.03 (m, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.43 (dt, J=9.0, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 6.75 (dt,J=9.0, 3.1 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate (53): 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (3) using 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene. The crude productwas recrystallized from toluene and minimal ethyl acetate to afford theproduct as a white powder. MS (M+1): 257.0.

Intermediate (54): 4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl]aniline

A solution of Intermediate (53) (3.02 g, 11.7 mmol) and di-tert-butyldicarbonate (4.05 mL, 17.6 mmol) in ethanol (117 mL) was passed throughan H-Cube reactor (50° C., 50 bar, 1 mL/min, 10% Pd/C cartridge). Thereaction mixture was concentrated and the crude oil was heated at 40° C.overnight. The crude oil was then treated with trifluoroacetic acid (8.7mL) in dicholoromethane (15.6 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30 minwhereupon the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residualtrifluoroacetic acid was removed via a toluene azeotrope. Purificationvia column chromatography (0-70% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl]aniline (1.23 g, 46%) as asolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.02 (m, 1H), 7.48 (dd,J=8.8, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 7.10 (dd, J=8.6, 2.9 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate (55): 4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenol

4-Bromophenol (2.00 g, 11.6 mmol) was combined with 1H-indazole (1.64 g,13.9 mmol), copper(I) iodide (110 mg, 0.578 mmol), potassium phosphate(5.15 g, 24.3 mmol), trans-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.365 mL,2.31 mmol), and toluene (10 mL). The reaction was refluxed for 21 hours,then cooled to room temperature and partitioned between ethyl acetateand water/ammonium hydroxide. The organic layer was washed with 0.5 NHCl and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography (0-40% ethyl acetate in heptane)gave 4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenol (0.479 g, 20%) as a tan solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO, δ): 9.84 (s, 1H), 8.90 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=8.8 Hz,2H), 7.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.33 (m, 1H),7.03-7.12 (m, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H). MS (M+1): 211.2.

Intermediate (56): (R)-ethyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate

A mixture of Intermediate (5) (30.0 g, 140 mmol) and[N-[(1R,2R)-2-(amino-κN)-1,2-diphenylethyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamidato-κN]chloro[(1,2,3,4,5,6-η)-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene]-ruthenium(2.12 g, 3.40 mmol) was suspended in a 5:2 azetropic mixture of formicacid and triethylamine (68.1 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 12 hours. The reaction was quenched with water andextracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layerswere washed with concentrated sodium bicarbonate, dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil wasdissolved in dichloromethane (1.0 L) and silacycle Si-Thiol (90 g) wasadded. The mixture was slurried for twelve hours at ambient temperature.The crude mixture was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to giveprimarily (R)-ethyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate (30.0 g, 100%). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.98 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H),4.71 (dd, J=7.4, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.58-1.81 (m, 2H),1.29-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.36 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.90 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H).Chiral HPLC: Chiralpak AD-H, 4.6 mm×25 cm; SFC Mobile Phase 80:20CO₂/Methanol, 2.5 mL/min, Retention time: 3.13 min (R-ent, 92.9%), 3.41min (S-ent, 7.1%), 86% ee. The (R)-enantiomer was further resolved bychiral SFC to give optically pure (R)-ethyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate.Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions: 21×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 80/20CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate: 65 mL/min. Modifier: none. Retention time: 2.91min.

Intermediate (57): ethyl 4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzoate

Step A: (+/−)-ethyl 4-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)benzoate

To a solution of ethyl 4-iodobenzoate (20 g, 72 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran(200 mL) at −40° C. was added isopropylmagnesium chloride lithiumchloride (62 mL, 80 mmol, 1.3 M in THF) dropwise, maintaining theinternal temperature below −30° C. The mixture was stirred for 30minutes and 3-methylbutanal (8.68 g, 101 mmol) was then added dropwise,maintaining the internal temperature below −35° C. Following theaddition, the reaction was allowed to stir for 15 minutes at −35° C. andwas then allowed to warm to room temperature. The reaction was quenchedwith 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid (400 mL), and the mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate (2×200 mL). The organics were washed withbrine (200 mL) and water (200 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filteredand concentrated to give ethyl 4-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)benzoate (16g, 93%) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),7.34 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.73-4.76 (m, 1H), 4.28-4.33 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.71(m, 2H), 1.41-1.46 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.39 (m, 3H), 0.87-0.92 (m, 6H).

Step B: ethyl 4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzoate

A mixture of ethyl 4-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)benzoate (15 g, 63 mmol),dichloromethane (150 mL), dimethylsulfoxide (198 g, 2540 mmol), andtriethylamine (32 g, 317 mmol) was cooled to 0° C. Sulfur trioxidepyridine complex (30 g, 190 mmol) was added in portions, maintaining theinternal temperature below 50° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1hour. The reaction was then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirfor 36 hours. The reaction was diluted with brine (300 mL) and extractedwith methyl tert-butylether (2×500 mL). The combined organics werewashed with 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid (500 mL), dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash columnchromatography gave ethyl 4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzoate (12 g, 80%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.11 (dd, J=1.6, 6.8 Hz, 2H),7.98 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.85 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),2.24-2.34 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.43 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.50 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H).

Intermediate (58): methyl 3-(4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzamido)propanoate

Step A: 4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzoic acid

To a solution of Intermediate (57) (12 g, 51 mmol) in methanol (80 mL)was added 2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide (80 mL, 160 mmol). The reactionwas stirred at room temperature for 40 minutes. The methanol was thenremoved in vacuo and the residue was extracted with dichloromethane. Theaqueous phase was acidified to pH=4 with 3 N aqueous hydrochloric acidand extracted with ethyl acetate (2×200 mL). The combined organics werewashed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentratedto give 4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzoic acid (9.5 g, 86%) as a white solid.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.96 (d, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 2.81 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.19-2.29 (m, 1H), 0.96 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H).

Step B: methyl 3-(4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzamido)propanoate

To a solution of 4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzoic acid (9.5 g, 46 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (80 mL) was addedO-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (26.3 g, 69.1 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirredfor 40 minutes. Methyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (7.72 g, 55.3mmol) and triethylamine (23.3 g, 230 mmol) were added and the reactionwas allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 16 hours. Thereaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combinedorganics were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered,and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography gave methyl3-(4-(3-methylbutanoyl)benzamido)propanoate (10 g, 77%) as a pale yellowsolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.98 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.83 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 3.72-3.76 (m, 5H), 2.84 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H),2.66-2.69 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.23-2.33 (m, 1H), 0.99 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H).

Intermediate (59): ethyl 4-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate

Step A: (+/−)-ethyl 4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (16), using ethyl 4-iodobenzoate andcyclobutanecarbaldehyde. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.93 (d, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (q, J=6.8 Hz,2H), 2.50-2.58 (m, 1H), 1.70-2.02 (m, 6H), 1.34 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Step B: ethyl 4-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate

Trifluoroacetic acid (613 mg, 5.38 mmol) was added dropwise to a 0° C.solution of ethyl 4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate (700 mg, 3 mmol)in dichloromethane (10 mL). Then Dess-Martin periodinane (2.03 g, 4.78mmol) was added and the reaction was warmed to room temperature andstirred for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with 1 N aqueous sodiumhydrosulfite (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×30 mL). Thecombined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography gave ethyl4-(cyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate (540 mg, 78%) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.04 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.33 (q,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.90-3.99 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.00-2.09 (m, 1H),1.81-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.34 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (60): ethyl 4-(2-cyclopropylacetyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (59), using 2-cyclopropylacetaldehyde. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 8.15 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 8.01 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.44 (q,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.45 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.10-1.22(m, 1H), 0.59-0.68 (m, 2H), 0.21-0.26 (m, 2H).

Intermediate (61):3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol

Step A: 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole

To a mixture of 1-bromo-4-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (1.5 g, 7.5 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) was added 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole(1.12 g, 8.21 mmol), copper(II) oxide (107 mg, 0.746 mmol), and cesiumcarbonate (4.86 g, 14.9 mmol). The mixture was heated in a microwave to120° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) andextracted with ethyl acetate (3×30 mL). The combined organics were driedover sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography gave1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (550 mg,29%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.74(s, 1H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 6.74 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H).

Step B: 3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol

To a 0° C. solution of1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (400 mg, 2mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added boron tribromide (1 g, 6mmol). The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirovernight. The reaction was quenched with methanol (2 mL), diluted withwater (10 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (3×10 mL). Thecombined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated to give3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol (390 mg, 99%) asa brown solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H),7.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.62 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.57 (s,1H), 2.05 (s, 3H).

Intermediate (62): methyl 4-butyryl-3-fluorobenzoate

Step A: (+/−)-1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)butan-1-ol

To a −78° C. solution of 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (600 mg, 3 mmol)in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added n-propylmagnesium chloride (2.22mL, 4.43 mmol) dropwise over 20 minutes. The reaction was warmed to 0°C. and stirred for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with saturatedaqueous ammonium chloride, extracted with ethyl acetate (3×), dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by preparatorythin layer chromatography gave(+/−)-1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)butan-1-ol (440 mg, 60%) as a colorlessoil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.26-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 1.53-1.79 (m, 2H),1.30-1.45 (m, 2H), 0.85 (s, J=5.6 Hz, 3H).

Step B: 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one

Trifluoroacetic acid (366 mL, 3.21 mmol) was added dropwise to a 0° C.solution of 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)butan-1-ol (440 mg, 1.8 mmol) indichloromethane (10 mL). Added Dess-Martin periodinane (1.21 g, 2.85mmol) and let reaction warm to room temperature and stir for 2 hours.The reaction was quenched with 1 N aqueous sodium hydrosulfite (10 mL)and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined organics weredried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification byflash column chromatography gave 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one(330 mg, 75%) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.65-7.69(m, 1H), 7.32-7.45 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.87 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.71 (m, 2H), 0.90(m, 3H).

Step C: methyl 4-butyryl-3-fluorobenzoate

A mixture of 1-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one (300 mg, 11.8 mmol),(1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)dichloropalladium (258 mg, 0.367mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (790 mg, 6.1 mmol) in methanol (20 mL)was pressurized to 50 psi of carbon monoxide. The reaction was heated to80° C. and stirred for 10 hours. The reaction was cooled to roomtemperature and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentratedand purified by flash column chromatography to give methyl4-butyryl-3-fluorobenzoate (260 mg, 87%) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.81 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),7.73 (d, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.88-2.92 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.73 (m, 2H), 0.92(t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (63): methyl 4-butyryl-3-methylbenzoate

Step A; (+/−)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)-3-methylbenzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (16), using methyl 4-iodo-3-methylbenzoate andbutyraldehyde. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.87 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81(s, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (q, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H),2.37 (s, 3H), 1.63-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.43 (m, 1H),0.98 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

Step B: methyl 4-butyryl-3-methylbenzoate

To a solution of (+/−)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)-3-methylbenzoate (0.8g, 4 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL) was added manganese dioxide (3.13g, 36.0 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 30° C. overnight. TLC showedstarting material remained and the reaction was heated to reflux for 5hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and filtered throughCelite. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by flash columnchromatography to give methyl 4-butyryl-3-methylbenzoate (290 mg) as anoil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.90 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 2.86 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 1.69-1.78(m, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (64):2-(4-(trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-amine

Step A: 5-nitro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine

To a solution of 2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine (1.5 g, 9.4 mmol) and4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (1.41 g, 10.3 mmol) in acetonitrile (40mL) was added potassium carbonate (2.60 g, 18.8 mmol). The reaction washeated to 80° C. and stirred overnight. The reaction was concentratedand the residue was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate(2×40 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash columnchromatography gave5-nitro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine (1.5 g, 62%)as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 9.48 (s, 2H), 8.92 (s,1H), 8.05 (s, 1H).

Step B: 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-amine

Glacial acetic acid (2.78 g, 46.3 mmol) was slowly added to a solutionof 5-nitro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine (1.5 g, 5.8mmol) and iron powder (1.94 g, 34.7 mmol) in methanol (30 mL). Thereaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction wasthen diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) and filtered through Celite. Thefiltrate was neutralized with saturated aqueous potassium carbonate. Theorganic layer was separated and washed with water and brine, dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-amine (850 mg, 64%)as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s,2H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 3.82 (s, 2H).

Intermediate (65): ethyl 4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate

To a 0° C. solution of 3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarboxylic acid (1.35 g,10.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was slowly added oxalyl chloride(4.01 g, 31.6 mmol) and 1 drop of N,N-dimethylformamide. The reactionwas warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. The reaction wasconcentrated in vacuo to give crude3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonylchloride (1.54 g) as a yellow oil.

To a −40° C. solution of ethyl 4-iodobenzoate (2.30 g, 8.30 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride lithiumchloride (7.1 mL, 1.3 M in THF, 9.2 mmol) dropwise. The mixture wasstirred for 1 hour at −40° C. Copper(I) iodide (476 mg, 2.50 mmol) wasthen added and the reaction was allowed to warm to −10° C. and stir for20 minutes. The solution was cooled again to −40° C. and a solution ofthe previously prepared 3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonylchloride (1.54 g,10.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added dropwise. The reactionwas allowed to warm to 0° C. and stir for 2 hours. The reaction wasquenched with 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethylacetate (3×15 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatographygave ethyl 4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate (1.80 g, 83%) asa pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.15 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),7.98 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.20-4.47 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.98 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.27(m, 2H), 2.09-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.45 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.13(s, 3H).

Intermediate (66): 4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3-methylphenol

Step A: 2-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2H-indazole

A mixture of 4-methoxy-2-methylaniline (1.37 g, 10.0 mmol) and2-nitrobenzaldehyde (1.51 g, 10.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) wasstirred at reflux for 4 hours. The reaction was concentrated. To theresidue was added triethyl phosphite (10 mL) and the mixture was stirredat reflux for 40 hours. The reaction was concentrated and purificationby flash column chromatography gave2-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2H-indazole (1.5 g, 63%) as a white solid.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.74(d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.16 (m, 1H), 6.82-6.88 (m,2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

Step B: 4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3-methylphenol

A solution of 2-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2H-indazole (500 mg, 2.1mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was cooled to −78° C. Added borontribromide (2.6 g, 10.5 mmol) and reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 1hour. Reaction was warmed to room temperature are stirred overnight. Thereaction was diluted with methanol and water, and extracted with ethylacetate (3×30 mL). The combined organics were washed with water andbrine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3-methylphenol (350 mg, 74%) as a yellow solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ): 9.82 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.11 (m, 1H),6.80 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 2.06 (s, 3H).

Intermediate (67):2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzonitrile

To a solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (1.0 g, 7.0 mmol) and4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile (1.16 g, 8.50 mmol) in acetonitrile (8 mL)was slowly added potassium carbonate (1.96 g, 14.2 mmol) at roomtemperature. The reaction was heated to 80° C. and stirred overnight.The reaction was cooled to room temperature and poured into water. Thelayers were separated and the aqueous was extracted with ethyl acetate(3×15 mL). The combined organics were washed with water, dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash columnchromatography gave2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (710 mg,40%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.26 (s, 1H), 7.94(s, 1H), 7.72-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.64 (m, 1H), 2.64 (s, 3H).

Intermediate (68): (+/−)-ethyl 4-(cyclopentyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (16) using cyclopentanecarbaldehyde and ethyl4-iodobenzoate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.01 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),7.40-7.44 (m, 2H), 4.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.39 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H),2.19-2.21 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.67 (m, 6H), 1.39 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (69): 6-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

Step A: 4-chloro-1H-imidazole

To a solution of 1H-imidazole (10.0 g, 0.15 mol) in chloroform (100 mL)was slowly added a solution of chlorine (2.08 g, 0.0294 mol) inchloroform (18.6 mL). The reaction was cooled to 0° C., then leftstirring overnight, gradually warming to room temperature. Aqueoussodium bisulfite was added and the layers were separated. The aqueouswas extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The combined organic layerswere dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purificationby flash column chromatography (0-10% methanol/dichloromethane) gave4-chloro-1H-imidazole (400 mg) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CD₃OD, δ): 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H).

Step B: 2-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine

A vial was charged with 4-chloro-1H-imidazole (450 mg, 4.4 mmol),2-chloro-5-nitropyridine (1.04 g, 6.58 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.21g, 8.78 mmol), and acetonitrile (10 mL). The vial was capped and heatedto 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature andpoured into water (20 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate(3×50 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatographygave 2-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine (675 mg, 68%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 9.35 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.78(dd, J=9.0, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.64 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H),7.95 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H).

Step C: 6-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

A vial was charged with 2-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine(675 mg, 3.01 mmol), tin(II) chloride dihydrate (2.03 g, 9.02 mmol), andmethanol (10 mL). The vial was sealed and heated to 90° C. and stirredfor 16 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature andconcentrated. The residue was taken up in water (20 mL) and neutralizedwith saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The mixture was extractedwith ethyl acetate (3×50 mL) and the combined organics were dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash columnchromatography gave 6-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine (380mg, 65%) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.20 (d,J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d,J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=8.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H).

Intermediate (70): 1-bromo-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one

To a solution of 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one (18 g, 180 mmol) indichloromethane (400 mL) and methanol (160 mL) was addedtetrabutylammonium tribromide (95.3 g, 198 mmol). The reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solution was concentratedunder reduced pressure and the residue dissolved in methyl t-butyl ether(250 mL). The solution was washed with 1N aqueous HCl (250 mL*3) andbrine (250 mL*2). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to give crude1-bromo-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one (28 g) as a colorless oil which was usedwithout further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.17 (s, 2H),1.23 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (71): 4-tert-butyl-1H-imidazole

A solution of intermediate (70) (3 g, 20 mmol) in formamide (15 mL) washeated to 160° C. for 5 h. The mixture was poured into 10% aqueoussodium bicarbomate (30 mL). The solution was extracted withdichloromethane (30 mL*2). The combined organic layers were washed with10% aqueous potassium carbonate, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to give 4-tert-butyl-1H-imidazole(1.1 g) as a brown oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.57 (s, 1H), 6.76 (s,1H), 1.31 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (72): 2-(4-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine

To a solution 2-bromo-5-nitropyridine (2.2 g, 10 mmol) in acetonitrile(15 mL) was added Intermediate (71) (1.5 g, 12 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (3 g, 20 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 12 h.The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethylacetate (10 mL*3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by silica gelchromatography gave 2-(4-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine(1.4 g) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.23 (d, J=2.8 Hz,1H), 8.53 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H),7.19 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (73): 6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

To a solution of Intermediate (72) (1.2 g, 4.9 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL)was added 10% Pd/C (500 mg). The mixture was stirred under a 40 psihydrogen atmosphere for 24 h. The mixture was filtered and concentratedto give 6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine (1.1 g) as ayellow solid which was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.40 (m, 2H),7.28 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 1.38 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (74): 4-isopropyl-1H-imidazole

A solution of 1-bromo-3-methylbutan-2-one (15 g, 9.1 mmol) in formamide(60 mL) was refluxed for 4 h. The mixture was poured into 10% aqueoussodium bicarbonate (30 mL) and adjusted to pH=9.5. The solution wasextracted with dichloromethane (30 mL*2). The combined organic layerswere washed with 10% aqueous potassium carbonate, brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give4-isopropyl-1H-imidazole (5.5 g) as a brown oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 7.51 (s, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 2.92-2.85 (m, 1H), 1.22 (d, 6H).

Intermediate (75): 2-(4-isopropyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine

To a solution 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine (1 g, 9.1 mmol) in acetonitrile(15 mL) was added Intermediate (74) (1.3 g, 8.3 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (2.27 g, 16.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 12h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethylacetate (10 mL*3). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by silicagel chromatography gave 2-(4-isopropyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine(860 mg) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.23 (d, J=2.4 Hz,1H), 8.53 (dd, J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 2.94-2.87 (m, 1H), 1.27 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H).

Intermediate (76): 6(4-isopropyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

To a solution of Intermediate (75) (800 mg, 3.44 mmol) in methanol (20mL) was added 10% Pd/C (400 mg). The mixture was stirred under a 40 psihydrogen atmosphere 12 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrateconcentrated under reduced pressure to give6-(4-isopropyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine (600 mg) as a yellowsolid which was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CD₃OD) δ 8.04 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.26 (m,2H), 7.10 (dd, J=8.4, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 2.83-2.76 (m, 1H), 1.18 (d, J=7.2 Hz,6H).

Intermediate (77): (+/−)-ethyl 4(1-(4-bromophenoxy)butyl)benzoate

To a 0° C. solution of 4-bromophenol (1.87 g, 1.08 mmol), ethyl4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate (2 g, 0.9 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (2.83g, 1.08 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added DIAD (2.18 g, 1.08 mmol). Theresulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. overnight. The reaction mixturewas diluted with brine (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3*25mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicagel chromatography to give (+/−)-ethyl4-(1-(4-bromophenoxy)butyl)benzoate (2.3 g, 67.7%) as a yellow oil.¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),7.25 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.67 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.08 (m, 1H), 4.35 (q,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.98-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.50 (m, 1H),1.43-1.39 (m, 1H), 1.37 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.94 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (78): 4-phenyl-1H-imidazole

A solution of 2-bromo-1-phenylethanone (5.56 g, 30.38 mmol) in formamide(35.4 ml, 1.04 mol) was stirred at 185° C. for 3 h. After cooling toroom temperature, the reaction was washed with saturated aqueous sodiumchloride (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL*4). Thecombined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicagel chromatography to give 4-phenyl-1H-imidazole (4.6 g) as a yellowsolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.75 (m,3H), 7.34-7.42 (m 2H), 7.26-7.29 (m, 1H).

Intermediate (79): 2-bromo-5-methoxy-1,3-dimethylbenzene

To a 0° C. solution of 4-bromo-3,5-dimethylphenol (1.00 g, 4.98 mmol) inDMF (10.0 mL) was added iodomethane (1.41 g, 9.96 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (1.37 g, 9.96 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 h at roomtemperature. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethylacetate (15 ml*3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purifiedby silica gel chromatography to give2-bromo-5-methoxy-1,3-dimethylbenzene (1.00 g) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.57 (s, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 6H)

Intermediate (80): 4-chloro-1-(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylphenol)-1H-pyrazole

To a −78° C. solution of Intermediate (79) (500 mg, 2.34 mmol) in THF(10 mL) was added n-BuLi (0.98 mL of a 2.5M solution in hexanes, 2.45mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at −78° C. Di-t-butyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxylate (565 mg, 2.45 mmol) was added in one portion.The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirredfor 30 min. A solution of 2-chloromalonaldehyde (260 mg, 2.45 mmol) inTHF (2.0 mL) was added dropwise at 0° C. 4M HCl in dioxane (10 mL) wasadded. The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux overnight. Saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ was added to bring the aqueous layer to pH=7. The mixturewas extracted with ethyl acetate (10 ml×3). The combined organic layerswere dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Thecrude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give compound4-chloro-1-(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole (100 mg) as a paleyellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 6.57(s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 1.92 (s, 6H).

Intermediate (81): 4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenol

To a −10° C. solution of Intermediate (80) (850 mg, 3.60 mmol) indichloromethane (15.0 mL) was added boron tribromide (2.72 mg, 10.8mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature andstirred overnight. The resulting mixture was quenched by addition ofmethanol and concentrated under reduced pressure to give4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenol (795 mg) as a yellowsolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 7.83 (d, J=0.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d,J=0.4 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (s, 2H), 1.94 (s, 6H).

Intermediate (82):1-(2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole

To a 0° C. solution of 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol (3 g, 17.9 mmol) andpyridine (4.25 g, 53.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) was slowly addedtriflic anhydride (7.6 g, 26.8 mmol). The solution was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated poured into water (50mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The organic layer wasdried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure togive crude 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (5.5 g)as a yellow solid.

To a 0° C. solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole (1.82 g, 13.4mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added sodium hydride (0.81 g, 20.1 mmol). Themixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The crude2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate prepared above (4.0g, 13.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 12 h. Thereaction was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (30mL×3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified bysilica gel chromatography to give1-(2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole (805 mg,21%) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.01 (s, 2H), 7.47(s, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 2.11 (s, 6H).

Intermediate (83):3,5-dimethyl-4(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenol

To a solution of Intermediate (82) (470 mg, 1.65 mmol) in ethanol (40mL) was added 10% Pd/C (150 mg). The mixture was stirred under a 40 psihydrogen atmosphere at 15° C. for 24 h. The mixture was filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was added to a solutionof concentrated H₂SO₄ (5.5 mL) in water (20 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Asolution of sodium nitrite (146 mg, 2.12 mmol) in water (2 mL) was addeddropwise. The mixture was stirred for at 0° C. 30 min. The reaction waspoured into a boiling mixture of concentrated H₂SO₄ (2.9 mL) and water(26 mL) and refluxed for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled toroom temperature and slowly added into ice water. The mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and then concentratedunder reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by silica gelchromatography to give3,5-dimethyl-4(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenol (330 mg) as ayellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 6.64(s, 2H), 2.03 (s, 6H).

Intermediate (84): 6(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ol

Intermediate 25 (400 mg, 1.69 mmol) was added to a 0° C. solution ofconcentrated H₂SO₄ (5.5 ml) in water (20 ml). A solution of sodiumnitrite (128.5 mg, 1.86 mmol) in water (1.5 ml) was added dropwise. Thereaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was pouredinto a boiling mixture of water (29 ml) and concentrated H₂SO₄ (2.6 ml)and refluxed for 1 h. The mixture was cooled, poured into ice water andextracted with ethyl acetate (3×25 ml).The organic layer was dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cruderesidue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford6(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ol (200 mg) as an orange solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 68.75 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (s,1H), 7.93 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.38-7.42 (m, 3H),7.26-7.29 (m, 1H).

Intermediate (85): tert-butyl 4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate

A mixture of pyrazole (40 g, 0.587 mol) and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane(81.7 g, 0.881 mol) were heated at 220° C. for 6 h in an autoclave. Thereaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and adjusted to pH 9with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The mixture was extracted withdichloromethane (200 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness, providing a 50 g of mixture,consisting mostly of 4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole and1,4-di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole. 500 mg of this crude mixture wasdissolved in THF (8 mL). The solution was cooled to 0° C. LiHMDS (6 mLof a 1M solution in THF, 6.0 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at0° C. for 45 min. Di-t-butyldicarbonate (967 mg, 4.43 mmol) was added.The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thereaction was quenched by addition of 1N aqueous HCl and extracted withdichloromethane (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The crude material waspurified by silica gel chromatography to give tert-butyl4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate (120 mg) as a yellow solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 1.64 (s, 9H), 1.26(s, 9H).

Intermediate (86): 4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole

To a solution of Intermediate (85) (120 mg, 0.535 mmol) indichloromethane (5 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (64 mg, 1.6 mmol).The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Saturated aqueousNaHCO₃ was added and the mixture extracted with dichloromethane (10mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, and concentrated to give 4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole (80 mg) as ayellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.98 (br s, 1H), 7.47 (br s,2H), 1.20 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (87): 6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

To a solution of 4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole (300 mg, 2.41 mmol) and2-bromo-5-nitropyridine in acetonitrile (15 mL) was added potassiumcarbonate (833 mg, 6.04 mmol). The mixture was stirred at refluxovernight. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethylacetate (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give 350 mg yellow solid. Thesolid was dissolved in ethanol (10 mL). 10 wt % Pd/C (30 mg) was added.The mixture was stirred overnight at 30° C. under a 40 psi hydrogenatmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine (140 mg) as a yellowsolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H),7.43-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.09 (dd, J=8.8, 2.8 Hz, 2H), 1.19 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (88): 4-(5-chloro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenol

4-(5-chloro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenol was prepared using a method analogousto that described for Intermediate (Q10), starting from 4-methoxyanilineand 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzaldehyde. Yellow solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHzMethanol-d₄) δ 8.60 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.75 (m, 3H), 7.65 (d, J=9.2Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J=9.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate (89):3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol

Step A: 6-chloro-N-methoxy-N-methylnicotinamide

To a solution of 6-chloronicotinic acid (2.0 g, 12.7 mmol) in DMF (20mL) was added TBTU (6.11 g, 19.0 mmol), di-iso-propylethylamine (4.9 g,38.1 mmol), and N-methoxymethylamine hydrochloride (1.48 g, 15.2 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The reactionsolution was poured into brine (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate(40 mL*2). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gelchromatography to give 6-chloro-N-methoxy-N-methylnicotinamide (2.3 g)as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.70 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (dd,J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H).

Step B: 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-3-methylbutan-1-one

To a 0° C. solution of 6-chloro-N-methoxy-N-methylnicotinamide (2 g, 10mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added the iso-butymagnesium bromide (15 mL of a1.33M solution in THF, 20 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25°C. for 2 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of aqueous NH₄Cl (30mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL*2). The organic layer waswashed with brine (50 mL) and water (50 mL), then dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue waspurified by silica gel chromatography to give1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-3-methylbutan-1-one (1.8 g) as a colorlesssolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.85 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (dd,J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.75 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),2.26-2.19 (m, 1H), 0.94 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H).

Step C:3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one

To a solution of 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-3-methylbutan-1-one (1.0 g,5.1 mmol) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (766 mg, 5.62 mmol) inanhydrous DMF (20 mL) was added potassium carbonate (2.12 g, 15.3 mmol).The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 6 h. The reaction mixture waspoured into brine (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL*2).The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purifiedby silica gel chromatography to give3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one(1.4 g) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.92 (d, J=2.0Hz, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.33 (dd, J=2.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.4 Hz,1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 2.79 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.31-2.21 (m, 1H), 0.96 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 6H).

Step D:3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol

To a 0° C. solution of3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one(1.4 g, 4.7 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added sodium borohydride (367mg, 9.4 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 1 hour.Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (40mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated to give3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol(1.4 g) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.78 (s, 1H),8.32 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.82-7.79 (m, 2H),4.82-4.77 (m, 1H), 1.83 (s, 1H), 1.75-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.43 (m, 1H),0.88-0.92 (m, 6H).

Intermediate (90): methyl 6-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)nicotinate

Di-t-butyldicarbonate (5.0 g, 23 mmol) was added to a room temperaturesuspension of methyl 6-aminonicotinate (2.65 g, 17.4 mmol) andN,N-dimethylaminopyridine (109 mg, 0.86 mmol) in 40 mL acetonitrile. Theresulting orange mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thesuspension was filtered. The solid was washed with acetonitrile and airdried to give 2.64 g methyl 6-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)nicotinate as acolorless solid. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give anadditional 1.50 g methyl 6-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)nicotinate. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.89-8.92 (m, 1H), 8.49-8.59 (br s, 1H), 8.24 (dd,J=8.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz), 3.89 (s, 3H), 1.54 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (91):(E)-N-(2-cyclopropyl-3-(dimethylamino)allylidene)-N-methylmethanaminiumhexafluorophosphate(V)

(E)-N-(2-cyclopropyl-3-(dimethylamino)allylidene)-N-methylmethanaminiumhexafluorophosphate(V) was prepared using a method analogous to thatdescribed for the preparation of Intermediate (7A), starting from2-cyclopropylacetic acid. Yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ7.38(s, 2H), 3.42 (s, 6H), 3.25 (s, 6H), 1.80-1.78 (m, 1H), 0.89-0.85 (m,2H), 0.47-0.43 (m, 2H).

Intermediate (92):1-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole

1-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole was preparedusing a method analogous to that described for the preparation ofIntermediate (7), starting from Intermediate (7B) and Intermediate (91).Brown oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.19 (s, 2H), 7.10(s, 1H), 1.91 (s, 6H), 1.72-1.67 (m, 1H), 0.85-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.52-0.48(m, 2H).

Intermediate (93): 4-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenol

4-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenol was prepared usinga method analogous to that described for Intermediate (26), startingfrom Intermediate (92). Yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.55(br, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 1.79 (s, 6H),1.71-1.67 (m, 1H), 0.85-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.52-0.48 (m, 2H).

Intermediate (94):1-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole

4-bromo-2,6-dimethylaniline (302 mg, 1.51 mmol) was suspended in 4 mL18% aqueous HCl. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. A solution of sodiumnitrite (125 mg, 1.81 mmol) in 500 μL water was added dropwise over 5min. During addition, the suspension begins to clear, giving a yellowsolution. The solution was stirred at 0° C. 1 h. A solution of sodiumacetate (2.50 g, 30.5 mmol) and sodium azide (201 mg, 3.1 mmol) in 5 mLwater was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minand then warmed to room temperature. The mixture was extracted with 3×20mL ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure, without heating, togive 520 mg brown oil. The residue was dissolved in 15 mL ethanol in aheavy walled sealable glass tube. The solution was cooled to −78° C.3,3,3-trifluoromethylpropyne was bubbled through the solution for 5 min.A solution of copper (I) iodide (14 mg, 0.074 mmol) and sodium ascorbate(30 mg, 0.15 mmol) in 500 μL water was added. The reaction vessel wassealed and allowed to warm to room temperature. After 15 h at, thereaction mixture was cooled to −78° C. The vessel was opened at thistemperature and then allowed to warm to room temperature. The reactionmixture was concentrated to give1-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole(447 mg) as a pale yellow solid. Recrystallization from heptane gavefine, colorless needles. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.89-7.92 (m, 1H),7.38 (s, 2H), 1.98 (s, 6H).

Intermediate (95):3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol

3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol wasprepared using a method analogous to that described for Intermediate(26), starting from Intermediate (94). Colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.87-7.90 (m, 1H), 6.65 (s, 2H), 5.09 (s, 1H), 1.93 (s, 6H).

Intermediate (96): ethyl 3-(4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzamido)propanoate

Step (A): 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoic acid

The alcohol corresponding to intermediate 5 (1.0 g, 4.5 mmol) wascharged with tetrahydrofuran (10.0 mL), water (10.0 mL), and methanol(10.0 mL). Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (944 mg, 22.5 mmol) was thenadded. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Thereaction was quenched with 1 N hydrochloric acid to pH 3 and extractedthree times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were driedover sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give 1.4 g of crudematerial. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (0-30% ethylacetate in heptane) afforded 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoic acid (730 mg, 83%yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.09 (d, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 7.46 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.79 (dd, J=7.6, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 1.86-1.75 (m,1H), 1.75-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.24 (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Step (B): ethyl 3-(4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzamido)propanoate

N,N-dimethylformamide (8.60 mL) was added to a vial containing4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoic acid (250 mg, 1.29 mmol), ethyl3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (395 mg, 2.57 mmol) andO-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′ tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (979 mg, 2.57 mmol). Diisopropylethylamine (1.12 mL,6.44 mmol) was then added. The reaction was stirred for 16 h, and wasthen concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-50% ethylacetate in heptane) afforded ethyl3-(4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzamido)propanoate (350 mg, 93% yield) as an oil.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.73 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 6.84 (br. s., 1H), 4.74 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.72(q, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 1.85-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.58(m, 1H), 1.52-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.30 (m, 1H), 1.28 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H),0.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1) 294.3.

Intermediate (97):5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ol

Step (A):5-bromo-3-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine

A flask was charged with 5-bromo-2-chloro-3-methylpyridine (250 mg, 1.21mmol), 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (165 mg, 1.21 mmol), potassiumcarbonate (512 mg, 3.63 mmol), and anhydrous dimethylformamide (1.21mL). The reaction was heated at 85 to 130° C. for 36 h. The reaction wasconcentrated to give 690 mg of crude material. Purification by silicagel flash chromatography (0-5% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded5-bromo-3-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine(containing approximately 30% starting material) was carried forth tothe next reaction. MS (M+1) 308.1.

Step (B): 5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ol

To a flask containing5-bromo-3-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (55.0mg, 0.180 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (0.100 mL) and degassed water (0.100 mL),was added tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (21.3 mg, 0.0360mmol), 2-di-tert-butylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (6.10 mg,0.014 mmol), and potassium hydroxide (31.9 mg, 0.0540 mmol). Thereaction was purged with nitrogen and then heated at 100° C. for 2 hour.The reaction was quenched with 1 N HCl and extracted three times withethyl acetate. The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (0-25%ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded impure5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ol (containingapproximately 30% impurity as a solid. MS (M+H): 244.2.

Intermediate (98): ethyl3-(4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate

Step (A): cyclobutanecarbaldehyde

A flask was charged with oxalyl chloride (1.12 mL, 12.8 mmol) andanhydrous methylene chloride (21.0 mL). The solution was cooled to −78°C. and dimethylsulfoxide (1.82 mL, 25.5 mL) was added dropwise and thereaction was stirred for 30 min. at −78° C. A solution ofcyclobutylmethanol (1.10 mL, 11.6 mmol) in methylene chloride (8.0 mL)was added dropwise and the reaction was aged for 1 h at the sametemperature. Triethylamine (8.20 mL, 58.0 mL) was then added dropwiseand the reaction was warmed to room temperature and aged for 18 h. Thereaction was quenched with water and extracted three times withmethylene chloride. The combined organic layers were dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to givecyclobutanecarbaldehyde (2.00 g) as a crude oil containing approximately1.0 g triethylamine. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.73 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H),3.18 (s, 1H), 2.34-2.22 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.11-1.99 (m, 1H),1.99-1.84 (m, 1H).

Step (B): ethyl 4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate

To a solution of ethyl 4-iodobenzoate (1.45 mL, 8.69 mmol) in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (14.5 mL) at −40° C. was added isopropyl magnesiumchloride lithium chloride complex (8.0 mL, 10.4 mmol) dropwise. Theresulting brown solution was stirred for 40 min at −40° C. The crudecyclobutanecarbaldehyde (1.8 g, approximately 10.5 mmol pure) was addedand the reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 18 h.The reaction is then quenched with 1 N hydrochloric acid and extractedthree times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were driedover sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give 2.0 g of crudematerial. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (0-20% ethylacetate in heptane) afforded ethyl 4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate (1.05 g) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.01 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.64 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.25(m, 2H), 2.73-2.47 (m, 1H), 2.13-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.55(br. s., 1H), 1.38 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).

Step (C): 4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoic acid

To a flask containing ethyl 4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate (530mg, 2.26 mmol) was added tetrahydrofuran (5.60 mL), water (5.60 mL), andmethanol (5.60 mL).

Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (475 mg, 11.3 mmol) was then added. Thesuspension was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reactionwas quenched with 1 N hydrochloric acid to pH 3 and extracted threetimes with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give 490 mg of crudematerial. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (0-20% ethylacetate in heptane) afforded 4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoic acid(360 mg, 77%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.07 (d, J=8.2Hz, 2H), 7.43 (dd, J=8.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 4.67 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.09-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.80 (m, 4H). MS (M−1): 205.2.

Step (D): ethyl 3-(4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate

N,N-dimethylformamide (9.00 mL) was added to a vial containing4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzoic acid (370 mg, 1.79 mmol), ethyl3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (551 mg, 3.59 mmol) andO-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′ tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (1.36 g, 3.59 mmol). Diisopropylethylamine (1.56 mL,8.97 mmol) was then added. The reaction was stirred for 1.5 h, and wasthen concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-50% ethylacetate in heptane) afforded ethyl3-(4-(cyclobutyl(hydroxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate (570 mg, 100%yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.73 (d, J=8.2 Hz,2H), 7.38 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.63 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (q, J=7.2 Hz,2H), 3.72 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.61-2.54 (m, 1H),2.08-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.27 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1):306.3.

Intermediate (99): ethyl 4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate

Step (A)-3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl chloride

3,3-Dimethyl-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (Parkway Scientific, New York,N.Y., USA) (500 mg, 3.90 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3 mL)and oxalyl chloride (1.02 mL, 11.7 mmol) was added. The solution wasstirred at room temperature for 4 h before concentrating in vacuo toprovide 3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl chloride which was carried onwithout purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.49 (quin, J=8.9 Hz,1H) 2.27-2.15 (m, 2H) 2.14-2.06 (m, 2H) 1.18 (s, 3H) 1.12 (s, 3H).

Step (B): ethyl 4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate

In a 3-neck flask at −30° C. (monitored with thermalcouple) containingethyl 4-iodobenzoate (25.0 g, 89.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran(148 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (51.0 mL, 20.4 mmol)dropwise over 30 min. and then stirred at the same temperature foranother 105 min. Copper iodide (5.07 g, 26.6 mmol) was then addedquickly in one portion. The mixture was brought to −20° C. for 25 min.to ensure the solid has dissolved. The reaction is then brought back to−40° C. 3,3-dimethylcyclobutane carbonyl chloride (15.6 g, 106 mmol) wasthen added over 5 min. the reaction was then warmed to 0° C. over 4 h.The mixture was then diluted with 1 N HCl and extracted three times withethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were then washed two timeswith brine and then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated to provide 26.6 g of crude brown oil. Purification bysilica gel flash chromatography twice (0-5% ethyl acetate in heptane)afforded ethyl 4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate (17.2 g, 74%yield) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.11 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.93(d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (quin, J=8.8 Hz, 1H),2.27-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.41 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.27 (s,3H), 1.08 (s, 3H). MS (M+1): 261.2.

Intermediate (100): ethyl4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate

To a flask containing Intermediate (99) (350 mg, 1.34 mmol) was addedanhydrous methanol (6.70 mL). The solution was cooled to 0° C. andsodium borohydride (152 mg, 4.00 mmol) was added. After 20 min., thereaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride andextracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layerswere dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give 420mg of crude material. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography(0-15% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded impure ethyl4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(hydroxy)methyl)benzoate (260 mg, 73.8%) as asolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 4.60 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.61-2.39 (m,1H), 1.89-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.38 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.11(s, 3H), 1.07 (s, 3H).

Intermediate (101): ethyl3-(4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzamido)propanoate

Step (A): 4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoic acid

To a flask containing Intermediate (99) (3.00 g, 12.0 mmol) was addedanhydrous tetrahydrofuran (28.8 mL), methanol (28.8 mL), and 1 N sodiumhydroxide (28.8 mL, 28.8 mmol). After 1 h, the reaction was concentratedto a white solid. The solid was the redissolved in 700 mL of water. Withvigorous stirring, 1 N HCl (29.0 mL) was added dropwise and thesuspension was stirred for 30 min. at room temperature. The solid wasthen collected with a Buchner funnel and the solid was washed two timeswith water. The solid was then azeotrophed with toluene to give4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl) benzoic acid (2.15 g, 92% yield) asa white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.21-8.15 (m, 2H), 8.01-7.94(m, 2H), 3.91 (quin, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 2.28-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.04 (m,2H), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.09 (s, 3H). MS (M−1): 231.4.

Step (B): ethyl3-(4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzamido)propanoate

Tetrahydrofuran (138 mL) was added to a vial containing4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoic acid (3.20 g, 14.0 mmol),ethyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (3.17 g, 20.7 mmol) and1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-ol monohydrate (2.22 g, 14.5 mmol). Triethylamine(9.11 mL, 4.75 mmol) was then added. The reaction was stirred for 16 h,and was then concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-35%ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded impure ethyl3-(4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzamido)propanoate (4.22 g,approximately 8.90 mmol pure) as an oil. MS (M+1) 332.2.

Intermediate (102): ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(hydroxy)methyl)benzamido) propanoate

To a flask containing ethyl3-(4-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutanecarbonyl)benzamido) propanoate (1.21 g,approximately 2.55 mmol pure) was added anhydrous methanol (18.3 mL).The solution was cooled to 0° C. and sodium borohydride (414 mg, 11.0mmol) was added. After 15 min., the reaction was quenched with saturatedaqueous ammonium chloride and extracted three times with ethyl acetate.The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered,and concentrated to give 1.10 g of crude material. Purification bysilica gel flash chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate in heptane)afforded impure ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(hydroxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate (750mg, approximately 1.8 mmol pure) as an oil. MS (M+1): 334.3.

Intermediate (103):3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol

Step (A): 1-(2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole

Intermediate 7A (1.77 g, 5.20 mmol) and1-(2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (ShanghaiChempartner Co. Ltd.) (1.00 g, 5.20 mmol) were suspended intetrahydrofuran (20.8 mL). The suspension was cooled to 0° C. Sodiummethoxide (325 mg, 5.72 mmol) was added as a solid in one portion. Theice bath was removed and the mixture warmed to room temperature andstirred for 18 hours. Trifluoroacetic acid (1.77 mL) was then added atroom temperature. The reaction was heated to 80° C. for 5 hours, dilutedwith ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate twice.The combined aqueous washings were extracted with ethyl acetate. Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-10% ethyl acetate in heptane), gave1-(2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (810 mg,61%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.71 (m,1H), 7.33 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.96-6.81 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s,3H). MS (M+1): 257.2.

Step (B):3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol

To a flask containing1-(2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (75.0 mg,0.290 mmol) was added di-μ-methoxobis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)diiridium(1)(2.00 mg, 0.003 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (75.2 mg, 0.290 mmol),4,4′di-tert-butyl-2,2′-dipyridyl (1.60 mg, 0.006 mmol) and degassedmethyl tert-butyl ether (1.50 mL). The resulting red solution was heatedto 80° C. for 18 h and then at room temperature for 3 d. The reactionwas concentrated. Acetone (0.980 mL) was added to provide a homogenoussolution followed by an aqueous solution of oxone (180 mg, 0.290 mmol),0.98 mL of water) dropwise over 2 min. The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 18 h. The reaction was then quenched with aqueous sodiumbisulfate and extracted three times with methylene chloride. Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine and water. The organiclayer was then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography (0-25% ethyl acetate in heptane),gave 3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol(26.0 mg, 33%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.93 (s, 1H),7.75-7.70 (m, 1H), 6.27 (dd, J=15.8, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s,3H). MS (M+1): 273.2.

Intermediate (104): ethyl 4-(3,3-difluorocyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate

Step (A): 3,3-difluorocyclobutanecarbonyl chloride

3,3-Difluorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (Parkway Scientific, New York,N.Y., USA) (531 mg, 3.90 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3.00mL) and oxalyl chloride (1.02 mL, 11.7 mmol) was added. The solution wasstirred at room temperature for 4 h before concentrating in vacuo toprovide 3,3-difluorocyclobutanecarbonyl chloride (ca. 50% pure), whichwas carried on without purification.

Step (B): ethyl 4-(3,3-difluorocyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate

In a 3-neck flask at −30° C. containing ethyl 4-iodobenzoate (600 mg,2.17 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (6.00 mL) was addedisopropylmagnesium chloride lithium chloride complex (1.84 mL, 2.39mmol) dropwise and then stirred at the same temperature for another 40min. Copper iodide (124 mg, 0.650 mmol) was then added quickly in oneportion. The mixture was brought to −15° C. for 20 min. to ensure thesolid has dissolved. The reaction is then brought back to −40° C. Crude3,3-difluorocyclobutanecarbonyl chloride (470 mg, 1.50 mmol pure) wasthen added and the reaction was then warmed to 0° C. over 1 h and thenstirred at room temperature for 18 h. The mixture was then diluted with1 N HCl and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combinedorganic layers were then washed with brine and then dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated to provide 680 mg of crude oil.Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (0-10% ethyl acetate inheptane) afforded impure ethyl4-(3,3-difluorocyclobutanecarbonyl)benzoate (130 mg, approximately 0.24mmol pure) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.09 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H),7.18 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 4.39 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.34-3.15 (m, 1H),3.12-2.78 (m, 4H), 1.40 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H)

Intermediate (105):2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ol

Step (A): 5-bromo-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine

To a mixture of 5-bromo-2-chloropyrimidine (4.32 g, 21.5 mmol),4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (2.92 g, 21.5 mmol), and dried potassiumcarbonate (8.90 g, 64.4 mmol) was added anhydrous dimethylformamide(31.5 mL). The resulting suspension was heated at 85° C. for 4 h. Thereaction was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate threetimes. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated to give 12.4 g of crude yellow solid. Thecrude material was put through a plug of silica eluting with 15% ethylacetate in heptanes to give5-bromo-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine (6.2 g, 99%)as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.83 (s, 2H), 8.02(s, 1H).

Step (B):5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine

To a flask containing5-bromo-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine (2.90 g, 9.9mmol) was added bis(dipinacolato)borane (3.00 g, 11.9 mmol), potassiumacetate (2.90 g, 29.7 mmol), and1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium(II)dichloride (366 mg,0.500 mmol). After purging with nitrogen, anhydrous dimethylforamide(12.4 mL) was added. The reaction was heated at 80° C. After 2 h, thereaction was cooled to room temperature and partitioned between ethylacetate and brine. The mixture was filtered through celite and elutedwith ethyl acetate. The filtrate was washed twice with brine. Theorganic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentratedto give 5.30 g of crude material. Purification by silica gel flashchromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine(3.22 g, 96% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.05(s, 2H), 9.00-8.89 (m, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 1.38 (s, 12H).

Step (C): 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ol

To a flask containing5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine(3.20 g, 9.40 mmol) was added methanol (72.4 mL) and 50% aqueoushydrogen peroxide (1.71 mL). After 2 h, the reaction was carefullyconcentrated and the solid was dissolved in diethyl ether and washedtwice with water then brine. The organic layer was dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give 880 mg of crude solid. Thebrown solid was suspended in water and filtered through a Buchner funneland washed with ethyl acetate to give a white solid (580 mg). The aboveaqueous layer was also filtered through a Buchner funnel to provide 926mg of white solid. The combined batches provided pure2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ol (1.50 g, 69%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 8.79 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 2H), 7.96(s, 1H). MS (M+1) 231.1.

Intermediate (106):2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-amine

Step (A): 5-nitro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine

A round bottom flask was charged with 2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine (2.50g, 15.7 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (2.35 g, 17.2 mmol),K₂CO₃ (4.33 g, 31.3 mmol) and acetonitrile (39 mL). The reaction washeated at 80° C. for 2 hours. Potassium carbonate filtered off with abüchner funnel and acetonitrile removed under reduced pressure. Thecrude material was dissolved in ethyl acetate and transferred to aseparatory funnel. Organics washed with water (3×), with brine (1×),dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the rawmaterial. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (ethylacetate/heptane) provide5-nitro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine (1.95 g, 49%)as a yellow solid. MS (M+1): 259.2.

Step (B): 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-amine

A Parr Shaker bottle was charged with Pd/C (10% wet; degussa type; 300mg) and the 5-nitro-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine(1.18 g, 4.55 mmol) in ethyl acetate (91 mL). Shaked at 40 psi of H₂ (g)for 8 hours. Crude mixture filtered through celite and concentratedunder reduced pressure to afford2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-amine (1.78 g, 98%)as an orange solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 5.85 (s, 2H) 8.15 (s,1H) 8.18 (s, 2H) 8.95 (s, 1H); MS (M+1): 230.2.

Intermediate (107): 6-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

Step A: 5-iodo-2-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (24), using 4-phenyl-1H-imidazole. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 8.69 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J=8.5, 2.2Hz, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H),7.22-7.32 (m, 2H). MS (M+1) 348.1.

Step B: 6-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (25), using5-iodo-2-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃,δ): 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.79-7.87 (m, 3H), 7.38 (t,J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.22-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.12 (m, 1H),3.72 (br. s., 2H). MS (M+1) 237.3.

Intermediate (108): 6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (107), using 4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.66 (m, 1H),7.07-7.11 (m, 1H), 3.68 (br. s., 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H). MS (M+1) 209.2.

Intermediate (109): 6-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (107) using 2-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.88-8.90 (m, 1H), 8.56-8.59 (m, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.88(d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.55(m, 1H), 7.08-7.14 (m, 2H), 3.73 (br. s., 2H). MS (M+1) 238.3.

Intermediate (110): 6-(4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (107), using 4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.6 Hz,1H), 7.08 (dd, J=8.7, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.56 (br. s., 2H), 2.44 (q, J=7.6 Hz,2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.20 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1) 203.3.

Intermediate (111):3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzonitrile

A microwave vial was charged with Intermediate (7) (1.00 g, 3.10 mmol),zinc cyanide (199 mg, 1.69 mmol), zinc acetate (22.9 mg, 0.125 mmol),zinc dust (8.2 mg, 0.13 mmol), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0)(17.8 mg, 0.0310 mmol), and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (52.6mg, 0.0940 mmol). The solids were purged with dry nitrogen, and thendissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (3.13 mL) and water (0.31 mL). Thereaction was sealed and heated to 100° C. for 3 hours. The mixture wascooled to room temperature, quenched by addition of sat. aq ammoniumchloride, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organicswere dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography (ethylacetate/heptane) gave3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzonitrile. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 2H), 2.09 (s,6H). MS (M+1): 266.1.

Intermediate (112):3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde

A solution of Intermediate (111) (250 mg, 0.943 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran(8.57 mL) was cooled to −78° C. Diisobutylaluminum hydride (1.5 M intoluene, 1.57 mL, 2.36 mmol) was added dropwise. After 2 hours, thereaction was warmed to 0° C. After 30 minutes, the mixture was quenchedby addition of sat. aq ammonium chloride, allowed to warm to roomtemperature, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combinedorganics were dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by columnchromatography (ethyl acetate/heptane) gave3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 10.04 (s, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.70 (s,2H), 2.13 (s, 6H). MS (M+1): 269.2.

Intermediate (113):(+/−)-N-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

To a solution of Intermediate (112) (526 mg, 1.96 mmol) and(+/−)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (245 mg, 1.96 mmol) indichloromethane (19.6 mL) was added titanium(IV) ethoxide (0.822 mL,3.92 mmol). Reaction was refluxed for 1 hour then cooled to roomtemperature. Methanol (2 mL) was added followed by sat. aq sodiumbicarbonate (1 mL). The resulting slurry was stirred for 1 hour, thenconcentrated under reduced pressure. After diluting with ethyl acetate(40 mL), the slurry was dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered through celite(ethyl acetate eluent). The filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure to provide(+/−)-N-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, 6): 8.59 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H),7.66 (s, 2H), 2.10 (s, 6H), 1.30 (s, 9H).

Intermediate (114):(+/−)-N-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

A suspension of Intermediate (113) (186 mg, 0.501 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (5.01 mL) was cooled to −78° C. Isobutyllithium (1.7 Min heptane, 0.353 mL, 0.600 mmol) was added dropwise. After 2 hours,additional isobutyllithium (1.7 M in heptane, 0.353 mL, 0.600 mmol) wasadded. After 1 hour, the solution was quenched at −78° C. by addition ofsat. aq ammonium chloride (6 mL). The resulting slurry was allowed towarm to room temperature. The mixture was diluted with 20 mL sat. aqammonium chloride then extracted with ethyl acetate (3×25 mL). Thecombined organics were dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by columnchromatography (ethyl acetate/heptane) gave(+/−)-N-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.75(s, 1H), 7.12 (s, 2H), 4.37 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (s, 6H), 1.89-1.79(m, 1H), 1.68-1.45 (m, 4H), 1.24 (s, 9H), 0.95 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.91(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 430.5.

Intermediate (115):(+/−)-1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutan-1-aminehydrochloride

To a solution of Intermediate (114) (226 mg, 0.525 mmol) in methanol(2.62 mL) was added hydrogen chloride (4 M in dioxane, 0.524 mL, 2.10mmol) dropwise. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure toprovide(+/−)-1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutan-1-aminehydrochloride. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H),7.32 (s, 2H), 4.35 (dd, J=9.8, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.06 (s, 6H), 1.99-1.87 (m,1H), 1.84-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.37 (m, 1H), 0.99 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.95(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (116):methyl(+/−)-6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinate

To a mixture of Intermediate (115) (190 mg, 0.525 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (296 mg, 2.10 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.05 mL) wasadded methyl 6-fluoronicotinate (88.1 mg, 0.551 mmol). The reaction washeated to 85° C. After 19 h, the reaction was cooled to roomtemperature, diluted with water (25 mL), and extracted with ethylacetate (3×25 mL). The combined organics were dried (Na₂SO₄) andfiltered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.Purification by column chromatography (ethyl acetate/heptane) gavemethyl(+/−)-6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.67 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J=8.8, 2.0Hz, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.12 (s, 2H), 6.33 (d, J=9.0 Hz,1H), 4.67-4.61 (m, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 6H), 1.89-1.71 (m, 2H),1.71-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.02 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.98 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H). MS(M+1): 461.5.

Intermediate (117):(+/−)-6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinicacid

To a solution of Intermediate (116) (197 mg, 0.428 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (2.14 mL) and methanol (2.14 mL) was added 1 N aq sodiumhydroxide (2.14 mL, 2.14 mmol). After 22 h, the solution wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to remove tetrahydrofuran andmethanol. 1 N aq hydrochloric acid was added until the mixture was at pH3.5. The mixture was diluted with sat. aq sodium chloride (10 mL) andextracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined organics were dried(Na₂SO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure to provide(+/−)-6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinicacid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H),7.94 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 2H), 6.40 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H),4.55-4.48 (m, 1H), 2.02 (s, 6H), 1.99-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.77 (m, 1H),1.71-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.03 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.98 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H). MS(M+1): 447.5.

Intermediate (118): ethyl(R)-3-(6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoateand Intermediate (119): ethyl(S)-3-(6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoate

To a mixture of Intermediate (117) (183 mg, 0.410 mmol), β-alanine ethylester hydrochloride (99.4 mg, 0.615), and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole(69.0 mg, 0.492 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.10 mL) was addedtriethylamine (0.172 mL, 1.23 mmol) followed byN-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (95.8 mg,0.492 mmol). After 20 hours, additional β-alanine ethyl esterhydrochloride (99.4 mg, 0.615), 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (69.0 mg,0.492 mmol), triethylamine (0.172 mL, 1.23 mmol),N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (95.8 mg,0.492 mmol), and dichloromethane (2.10 mL) were added. After 7 hours,the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (20 mL) and washed withwater (3×20 mL) and sat. aq sodium chloride (20 mL). The organic layerwas dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography (ethylacetate/heptane) followed by SFC (Chiralpak OD-H column, 10 mm×250 mm,15% 2-propanol/carbon dioxide eluent) gave ethyl(R)-3-(6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoate (SFC retention time 4.54 min) and ethyl(S)-3-(6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoate (SFC retention time 6.94 min). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ):8.49 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.77 (dd, J=8.8, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.74(s, 1H), 7.09 (s, 2H), 6.71 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.24 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H),5.55 (br. s., 1H), 4.68 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.67(q, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.80-1.67 (m,2H), 1.67-1.56 (m, 1H), 1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.99 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 3H),0.96 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 546.4.

An asymmetric synthesis of ethyl(R)-3-(6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoate may also be achieved by utilizing(S)-(−)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide and Intermediate (112), analogousto that described for the preparation of Intermediate (113). Ethyl(R)-3-(6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinamido) propanoate may then be prepared analogous tothe racemic route.

Intermediate (120): methyl 4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonyl)benzoate

Step A: To a solution of methyl 4-iodobenzoate (1.21 mL, 7.24 mmol) inTHF (12 ml) at −40° C. was added TurboGrignard (1.3 M in THF, 6.13 ml,7.97 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for approximately 60minutes whereupon, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbaldehyde (0.761 ml, 0.724mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes andslowly warmed to rt over 12 hours. The reaction was quenched with HCl (1N, aq.) and the aq. layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×75 mL). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide ethyl4-(hydroxy(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)benzoate. Crude mixture usedinto the next step without any further purification. Step B: A roundbottom flask was charged with ethyl4-(hydroxy(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)benzoate (1.9 g, 7.2 mmol),the Dess-Martin reagent (3.66 g, 8.63 mmol) and DCM (15 mL). Thereaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. Reaction dilutedwith DCM and solid filtered off. The mother liquor concentrated andloaded onto a silica gel column. Purification by silica gel flashchromatography (ethyl acetate/DCM) provide methyl4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonyl)benzoate (290 mg, mmol) as a whitesolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.75-1.96 (m, 4H) 3.45-3.62 (m, 3H)3.97 (s, 3H) 4.07 (dt, J=11.88, 3.25 Hz, 2H) 7.98-8.02 (m, 2H) 8.12-8.17(m, 2H); MS (M−1): 246.8.

Intermediate (121): (±)-methyl4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)methyl)benzoate

A round bottom flask was charged with methyl4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonyl)benzoate (150 mg, 572 mmol),6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine (130 mg, 572mmol) and MeOH (1.2 mL). Decaborane reagent (26.4 mg, 229 mmol) wasadded in one portion and the reaction stirred over the week-end. Thereaction mixture was quenched with HCl solution (1 N, aq.) and extractedwith EtOAc twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purificationby silica gel flash chromatography (ethyl acetate/heptane) provide(±)-methyl4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)methyl)benzoate(206 mg, 78%) as a colorless gum. MS (M+1): 461.3.

Intermediate (122): ethyl 3-(4-pivaloylbenzamido)propanoate

Step A:

A round bottom flask was charged with the ethyl 4-iodobenzoate (10 g, 36mmol) and THF (45 mL). Solution cooled down to 0° C. Turbo Grignard 1.3M in THF (30.6 mL, 39.8 mmol) was then added in one portion and thereaction stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. Pivaloyl chloride (5.35 mL,43.5 mmol) was then charged in a second flask in THF (10 mL) and thepreformed anion transferred via canula to the acyl chloride. Thereaction was then slowly warmed to room temperature and stirredovernight. The reaction was quenched with ammonium chloride solution(sat. aq.) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×), washed with brine(1×), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to provideethyl 4-pivaloylbenzoate as a crude yellow gum (8.50 g). Used withoutfurther purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.30-1.36 (m, 9H) 1.42(t, J=7.04 Hz, 3H) 4.40 (q, J=7.24 Hz, 2H) 7.61-7.69 (m, 2H) 8.04-8.12(m, 2H); MS (M): 234.

Step B:

A round bottom flask was charged with ethyl 4-pivaloylbenzoate (7.67 g,32.7 mmol), THF (100 mL) and MeOH (100 mL). Sodium hydroxide 1N, aq.(65.5 mL, 65.5 mmol) was then added in one portion. Reaction stirred at40° C. for 1 hour. Organic solvent removed under reduced pressure andwater (150 mL) added to the flask. Acidification with HCl 1N aq. to ca.pH 1 followed by filtration of the solid formed over a büchner funnelprovide 4-pivaloylbenzoic acid as a light yellow solid (9.25 g). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.25-1.27 (m, 9H) 7.70-7.74 (m, 2H) 7.97-8.01 (m,2H) 13.00 (br. s., 1H); MS (M−1): 205.3.

Step C:

A round bottom flask was charged with 4-pivaloylbenzoic acid (7.67 g,37.2 mmol), ethyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (6.86 g, 44.6 mmol),HOAT (5.57 g, 40.9 mmol), DCM (93 mL) and TEA (7.80 mL, 55.8 mmol). EDChydrochloride (7.92 g, 40.9 mmol) was then added in one portion and thereaction allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 hours. DCM added tothe reaction mixture and organics washed with an ammonium chloridesolution (sat.aq.; 1×), water (2×), brine (1×), dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford thecrude material. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (ethylacetate/heptane) provide ethyl 3-(4-pivaloylbenzamido)propanoate as ayellow oil (4.25 g, 37.4%; over 3 steps). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.26(m, J=7.02, 7.02 Hz, 3H) 1.32 (s, 9H) 2.63 (t, J=5.95 Hz, 2H) 3.72 (m,J=6.05, 6.05, 6.05 Hz, 2H) 4.16 (m, J=7.22, 7.22, 7.22 Hz, 2H) 6.92 (br.s., 1H) 7.64-7.68 (m, 2H) 7.75-7.79 (m, 2H); MS (M+1): 306.3.

Intermediate (123) (±)-ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoate

A round bottom flask was charged with Intermediate (32) (1.12 g, 4.91mmol), ethyl 3-(4-pivaloylbenzamido)propanoate (1.50 g, 4.91 mmol),decaborane (309 mg, 2.46 mmol) and MeOH (12 mL). Reaction mixturestirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was quenched with 1NHCl and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine (1×), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduced pressure to afford the crude material. Purification bysilica gel flash chromatography (ethyl acetate/heptane) provide(±)-ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoateas an orange gum (1.97 g, 77.5%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.05 (s, 9H)1.27 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H) 2.59-2.67 (m, 2H) 3.72 (q, J=6.18 Hz, 2H)4.12-4.21 (m, 3H) 6.83 (t, J=5.95 Hz, 1H) 6.90 (dd, J=8.78, 2.34 Hz, 1H)7.37 (d, J=8.00 Hz, 2H) 7.65 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 1H) 7.71 (d, J=8.58 Hz, 2H)7.76 (br. s., 1H) 7.79 (s, 1H) 8.67 (s, 1H); MS (M+1): 518.4.

Intermediate (124) (±)-ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoate

A round bottom flask was charged with Intermediate (6) (747 mg, 3.28mmol), 3-(4-pivaloylbenzamido)propanoate (1.00 g, 3.28 mmol), decaborane(206 mg, 1.64 mmol) and MeOH (8 mL). Reaction mixture stirred overnightat room temperature. The mixture was quenched with 1N HCl and extractedwith EtOAc (2×). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(1×), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure to afford the crude material. Purification by silica gel flashchromatography (ethyl acetate/DCM) provide (±)-ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoateas an orange oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 0.99 (s, 9H) 1.16 (m,J=6.83, 6.83 Hz, 3H) 2.54 (t, J=6.93 Hz, 2H) 3.42-3.50 (m, 2H) 4.00-4.08(m, 2H) 4.34 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 1H) 6.55 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 1H) 7.11 (dd,J=8.88, 2.83 Hz, 1H) 7.42-7.48 (m, 3H) 7.71-7.77 (m, 2H) 7.89 (d, J=2.73Hz, 1H) 8.26-8.30 (m, 1H) 8.38 (s, 1H) 8.46 (t, J=5.56 Hz, 1H); MS(M+1): 518.4.

Intermediate (125): 4-(5-fluoro-indazol-2-yl)-phenol

4-bromophenol (1.27 g, 7.35 mmol) was combined with 5-fluoro-1H-indazole(1.000 g, 7.35 mmol), Cul (69.9 mg, 0.367 mmol), K₃PO₄ (3.282 g, 15.4mmol), toluene (15 mL), and dimethylethylenediamine (0.158 mL, 1.47mmol). This was refluxed as a mixture for 3 d. The reaction was cooledand partitioned between ethyl acetate and sat. NH₄Cl. The aqueous wasextracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organics were dried overMgSO₄. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (ethyl acetate inheptane) gave 4-(5-fluoro-indazol-2-yl)-phenol (0.114 g) impure with theindazole starting material. Used as is. The other regioisomer was alsoobserved but was separated by chromatography. MS (M+1): 229.2.

Intermediate (126): 4-(6-fluoro-indazol-2-yl)-phenol

4-bromophenol (1.27 g, 7.35 mmol) was combined with 6-fluoro-1H-indazole(1.000 g, 7.35 mmol), Cul (69.9 mg, 0.367 mmol), K₃PO₄ (3.282 g, 15.4mmol), toluene (15 mL), and dimethylethylenediamine (0.158 mL, 1.47mmol). This was refluxed as a mixture for 3 d. The reaction was cooledand partitioned between ethyl acetate and sat. NH₄Cl. The aqueous wasextracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organics were dried overMgSO₄. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (ethyl acetate inheptane) gave 4-(6-fluoro-indazol-2-yl)-phenol (0.129 g, 8%) as a tansolid. The other regioisomer was also observed but was separated bychromatography. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ): 9.86 (s, 1H) 8.96 (s, 1H)7.75-7.91 (m, 3H) 7.41 (d, J=10.6 Hz, 1H) 6.99 (td, J=9.3, 2.2 Hz, 1H)6.93 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); MS (M+1): 229.2.

Intermediate (127): 4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenol

Step A: (E)-4-((2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)diazenyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol

(2-aminophenyl)methanol (4000 mg, 32.48 mmol) was dissolved in water (25mL) with concentrated HCl (6 N, 7.00 mL, 42.2 mmol) and the solution wascooled in an ice/NaCl bath to −5° C., afterward sodium nitrite (2420 mg,39 mmol) in 20 mL of water was added dropwise over 20 minutes. Solidsprecipitated out. The organic mixture/suspension was stirred at −5°C.->0° C. for 25 minutes. 5 mL CH₃CN was added. The solution of3,5-dimethylphenol (3970 mg, 32.5 mmol) in CH₃CN (10 mL) was mixed witha solution of Na₂CO₃ (13.8 g, 130 mmol) in H₂O (20 mL). The mixedsolution was added to the above diazonium solution slowly at −5° C.->0°C. The mixture was stirred at −5° C.->0° C. for 2 hours. Brownish solidsprecipitated out. The mixture was neutralized with conc. HCl (12 N) anddiluted with EtOAc. The suspension filtered through celite and washedwith EtOAc which was used for extraction. After four extractions, thecombine dark brownish organic layers were washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated, leading to dark brownish solids. The crude wasdissolved in EtOAc and loaded to the column and purified by ISCO (120 gsilica gel, EtOAc/Heptane: 0->45%), leading the desired product asorange solids. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 2.42 (s, 6H) 4.96 (d,J=5.66 Hz, 2H) 5.14-5.25 (m, 1H) 6.58 (s, 2H) 7.29-7.36 (m, 1H)7.41-7.50 (m, 2H) 7.65 (d, J=0.78 Hz, 1H) 9.92 (s, 1H). LCMS: m/z=257.3[M+H].

Step B: 4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenol

Iodine (3980 mg, 15.7 mmol) was added to the orange solution of(E)-4-((2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)diazenyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol (2680 mg,10.46 mmol), triphenylphosphine (4110 mg, 15.7 mmol) and imidazole (2140mg, 31.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) at room temperature. Themixture was stirred for 40 minutes. The solvent was evaporated. Thecrude was dissolved in EtOAc/MeOH and loaded to the column and purifiedby ISCO (40 g silica gel, EtOAc/heptane: 0->50%), leading to the desiredproduct as a white/pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.85(s, 6H) 6.49 (s, 2H) 7.07-7.21 (m, 1H) 7.32-7.42 (m, 1H) 7.75 (d, J=8.58Hz, 1H) 7.80 (dd, J=8.78, 0.98 Hz, 1H) 7.96 (d, J=0.78 Hz, 1H) 7.99 (s,1H). LCMS: m/z=239.2 [M+H].

Intermediate (128):1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol

Step A: 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol

To a −10° C. solution of 6-chloronicotinaldehyde (553 mg, 3.91 mmol) in3.5 mL THF was added n-propylmagnesium bromide (2.34 mL of a 2.0 Msolution in THF, 4.69 mmol). The solution was stirred at −10° C. for 10min, and was then allowed to warm to room temperature. The reactionmixture was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride.The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer wasconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica gelchromatography to give 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol (400 mg) as ayellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.24-8.31 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.67 (m,1H), 7.25-7.30 (m, 1H), 4.68-4.74 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.26 (br s, 1H),1.69-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.19-1.49 (m, 2H), 0.91 (t, J=7.43Hz, 3H).

Step B: 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one

To a solution of 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol (210 mg, 1.13 mmol)in 10 mL dichloromethane was added 2 g of silica gel, followed bypyridinium chlorochromate (488 mg, 2.26 mmol) The mixture was stirred atroom temperature 5 h. The mixture was filtered through a plug of silicagel, eluting with 100 mL dichloromethane. The eluent was concentrated togive 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one (210 mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.88-8.96 (m, 1H), 8.14-8.20 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),2.92 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.70-1.82 (m, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Step C:1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one

A mixture of 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (116 mg, 0.85 mmol),1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one (130 mg, 0.71 mmol), and potassiumcarbonate (294 mg, 2.12 mmol) was stirred 4 h at 50° C. The mixture wascooled to room temperature and stirred overnight. The mixture waspartitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was driedover MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by silica gel chromatography to give1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one (200mg) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.97-8.99 (m. 1H),8.90-8.91 (m, 1H), 8.39 (dd, J=8.5, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (dd, J=8.58, 0.78Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 2.94 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.74-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.02(t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Step D:1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol

1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one (140mg, 0.49 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL methanol. Sodium borohydride (18.7mg, 0.494 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was concentrated and theresidue partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layerwas concentrated to give1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-ol (140mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.34-8.40 (m, 1H), 7.96 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.82-7.90 (m, 2H), 4.75-4.82 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.89 (m, 2H),1.27-1.53 (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate (129):2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-amine

A mixture of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole (572 mg, 4.2 mmol)5-bromo-2-chloropyrimidine (813 mg, 4.20 mmol) and potassium carbonate(1740 mg, 12.6 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was heated at 85° C. for 2 h. Thereaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethylacetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate andconcentrated under reduced pressure. A mixture of this crude residue(376 mg), copper(I) iodide (61.1 mg, 0.32 mmol), 4-hydroxy-L-proline(84.1 mg, 0.64 mmol) and potassium carbonate (537 mg, 3.85 mmol) waspurged with nitrogen. Dimethyl sulfoxide (2.5 mL) was added followed byammonium hydroxide (1.40 mL, 28% aqueous solution). The mixture washeated at 75° C. for 20 hours. The mixture was diluted with 1 N HCl andextracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were driedover sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cruderesidue was purified by silica gel chromatography to the provide2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-amine. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) 3.86 (br s, 2H), 8.13-8.15 (m, 1H), 8.15 (s, 2H), 8.50 (s,1H). LCMS: m/z=230.1 [M+H].

Preparation of compounds of Formula I Example 1(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A:(+/−)-methyl-4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzoate

To a solution of Intermediate (21) (248 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Intermediate(4) (290 mg, 1.2 mmol) in methanol (12 mL) was added decaborane (44.1mg, 0.36 mmol) at room temperature under nitrogen. The resultingsolution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction wasconcentrated and purification by column chromatography (0-35% ethylacetate in heptane), gave(+/−)-methyl-4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzoateas a foam. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.02 (d, J=8.29 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (s,1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.29 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.54 Hz, 1H),6.41 (m, 1H), 6.34 (m, 1H), 4.40 (m, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H),1.72-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.52 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, J=7.32 Hz 3H). MS (M+1):432.4.

Step B: (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate

To a solution of(+/−)-methyl-4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzoate(0.100 g, 0.232 mmol) in methanol (1 mL), tetrahydrofuran (1 mL), andwater (1 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (0.40 g, 9.2 mmol). Thereaction was stirred at room temperature for 60 hours. The mixture wasacidified with 1N HCl and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. Thecombined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated.

To the crude residue was added N,N-dimethylformamide (2 mL),beta-alanine tert-butyl ester hydrochloride (69.8 mg, 0.384 mmol) andO-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (146 mg, 0.384 mmol). Diisopropylethylamine (99.3mg, 0.768 mmol) was then added and the reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 4 hours. The reaction was concentrated and purificationby column chromatography (0-70% ethyl acetate in heptane), gave(+/−)-tert-butyl3-(4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(92 mg, 88%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.73 (d, J=8.29 Hz, 2H), 7.46(s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.05 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 6.99-6.93 (m, 1H),6.89-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.41-6.39 (m, 1H), 6.34-6.30 (m, 1H), 4.54-4.43 (m,1H), 4.41-4.31 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.50 (m, 2H), 1.96 (s,3H), 1.85-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.43-1.27 (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, J=7.44Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 545.2.

Step C:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Trifluoroacetic acid (0.4 mL) was added to a solution of(+/−)-tert-butyl3-(4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(58 mg, 0.11 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.6 mL). The mixture was stirredat room temperature overnight. The reaction was concentrated andsuccessively evaporated from dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and toluene,to give(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (10 mg, 16%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.77-7.72 (m,1H), 7.72-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.25 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.84(m, 2H), 6.40-6.36 (m, 1H), 6.33-6.28 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.32 (m, 1H),3.82-3.67 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.66 (m, 2H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.89-1.73 (m, 2H),1.49-1.31 (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, J=7.44 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 489.2.

Example 2(+/−)-3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzamido)propanoic acid

Step A: (+/−)-methyl4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzoate

Dimethylsulfoxide (1.5 mL) was added to a screw-top reaction vialcharged with Intermediate (34) (128 mg, 0.339 mmol),4-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole (55 mg, 0.406 mmol), copper(I) iodide (13mg, 0.068 mmol), quinolin-8-ol (9.9 mg, 0.068 mmol), and potassiumcarbonate (92 mg, 0.67 mmol). The vial was evacuated and back-filledwith nitrogen repeatedly then heated with stirring to 100° C. overnight.After 18 hours the reaction was diluted with saturated ammonium chloride(20 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL). The phases were separated and theorganic layer was washed with water (2×20 mL) and brine (5 mL). Theorganics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate in heptanes)gave (+/−)-methyl4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzoate(65 mg, 44%) as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.94-7.89 (m,2H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.36 (m, 2H),6.89-6.84 (m, 2H), 5.31 (dd, J=9, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.04 (m,1H), 1.96-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.04 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.99(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 433.0.

Step B:(+/−)-4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzoicacid

Methyl4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzoate(65 mg, 0.15 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (1.5 mL) and 1M NaOH (0.75mL) was added at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirredovernight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL),acidified with 1M HCl (1 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×10 mL).The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated to give(+/−)-4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzoicacid (65 mg, 100%) as a gum. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.98 (d, J=9Hz, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d,J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.89 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.33 (dd, J=9, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 2.05(m, 1H), 1.96-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.04 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H),0.99 (d, J-6.6 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 419.0.

Step C: (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzamido)propanoate

4-(3-Methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzoicacid (65 mg, 0.16 mmol), methyl beta-alanine hydrochloride (31 mg, 0.16mmol), and triethylamine (0.031 mL) were dissolved in dichloromethane (1mL). 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (34 mg,0.18 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred at room temperature for15 minutes, and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (34 mg, 0.25 mmol) was thenadded. The resulting yellow solution was stirred overnight. After 18hours, the reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL) and washedwith water (25 mL) and brine (10 mL). The organics were dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzamido)propanoate (70 mg, 90%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.84 (s, 1H),7.67-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.53-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.34 (m 2H),6.89-6.84 (m, 2H), 6.72 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (dd, J=8.9, 4.5 Hz, 1H),3.72-3.65 (m, 5H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.83 (m, 1H),1.65-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.03 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.99 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H). MS(M+1): 504.0.

Step D:(+/−)-3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzamido)propanoic acid

Methyl 3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzamido)propanoate (70 mg, 0.14 mmol) was dissolved in methanol(2 mL) and 1M lithium hydroxide (1 mL) was added. The reaction wasstirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The methanol was removed underreduced pressure and the residue was diluted with water (2 mL). Uponstirring a precipitate forms. The solution was further diluted withwater (15 mL) and 1M NaOH (3 mL). The solution was extracted with ether(20 mL). The organics were washed with water (10 mL) and the aqueouslayers were combined. The aqueous solution was acidified with 1M HCl togive a cloudy solution. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate(2×15 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated to give(+/−)-3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzamido)propanoicacid (53.1 mg, 78%) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ):7.89 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H),7.36 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.97-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.77 (t, J=6 Hz, 1H), 5.29(dd, J=9, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.73-3.63 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.00(m, 1H), 1.95-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.62 (m, 1H), 1.03 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.99(d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 490.2.

Example 3(+/−)-3-(6-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoic acid

Step A:(+/−)-5-bromo-2-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)pyridine

Intermediate (36) (216 mg, 0.50 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylpyrazole (68 mg,0.50 mmol), copper(I) iodide (19 mg, 0.10 mmol),trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (26.2 mg, 0.20 mmol) and cesium carbonate (329mg, 1.00 mmol) were suspended in dimethylsulfoxide and heated to 85° C.with stirring for 18 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate(25 mL) and washed with water (2×25 mL) and brine (20 mL). The organicswere dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate in heptanes)gave5-bromo-2-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)pyridine(81 mg, 37%) as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.63 (d, J=2.3Hz, 1H), 8.00 (br. s, 1H), 7.82 (br. s, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=8.4, 2.3 Hz,1H), 7.49-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.26 (d, overlaps with CHCl₃, 1 H), 6.94-6.88(m, 2H), 5.22 (dd, J=8.0, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 2.03-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.38 (m,2H), 0.96 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Step B: (+/−)-ethyl3-(6-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoate

5-Bromo-2-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)pyridine(81 mg, 0.180 mmol), ethyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (85 mg, 0.55mmol), molybdenumhexacarbonyl (50 mg, 0.18 mmol),tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (8.4 mg, 0.028 mmol),palladium(II) acetate (2 mg, 9 μmol), and 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene(150 μL, 1.1 mmol) were placed in a microwave vial and suspended in dryacetonitrile (2 mL). The vial was capped and heated by a BiotageInitiator microwave to 170° C. for 2 minutes. The resulting dark ambermixture was filtered through a 1″ plug of silica gel, and eluted withethyl acetate. The residue was concentrated and purification by columnchromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave (+/−)-ethyl3-(6-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoate(42 mg, 45%) as a pale amber glass. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.63(dd, J=2.2, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 8.01-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.48-7.40 (m,3H), 6.94-6.85 (m, 3H), 5.30 (dd, J=7.90, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (q, J=7.2Hz, 2H), 3.74-3.68 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.87 (m, 2H),1.63-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.23 (m, 3H), 0.96 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1):505.4.

Step C:(+/−)-3-(6-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoic acid

(+/−)-Ethyl3-(6-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoate (45 mg, 0.089 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (2mL). 1 M NaOH (2 mL) was added with stirring at room temperature. Afterstirring for 6 hours, 1M HCl (2 mL) was added. The pH was adjusted toapproximately 4, using 1M HCl and 1M NaOH. The resulting cloudy solutionwas extracted with ethyl acetate (2×15 mL). The combined organicextracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated togive(+/−)-3-(6-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoicacid (42 mg, 100%) as a foamy solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 9.23(d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (dd, J=8.2, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.80(m, 2H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 2H), 6.92-6.85 (m, 2H), 5.31 (dd,J=7.7, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.83-3.76 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.09-1.85 (m,2H), 1.60-1.39 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 477.3.

Example 4(+/−)-3-(4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pentan-2-yl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: methyl 4-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-methylpent-1-en-2-yl)benzoate

4-Bromobenzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (2.07 g, 4.40 mmol) wassuspended in toluene (4.0 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Lithiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide (4.04 mL, 1.0 M in toluene) was added. The icebath was removed and the reaction was allowed to warm to roomtemperature and stir for 1 hour. A solution of Intermediate (10) (180mg, 0.817 mmol) in toluene (0.8 mL) was then added drop-wise, and thereaction was allowed to stir for 18 hours. The reaction was diluted withwater and ethyl acetate. The layers were separated and the aqueous wasextracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organics werewashed twice with 1N HCl and once with brine, then dried over magnesiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude solid was taken up inheptane and the remaining solids (triphenylphospine oxide) were filteredoff. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography(0-10% ethyl acetate in heptane) to give methyl4-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-methylpent-1-en-2-yl)benzoate (184.7 mg, 61%) asan approximate 1:1 mixture of E/Z isomers. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ):8.04-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.97-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.46 (m, 4H), 7.22-7.16 (m,6H), 6.77-6.72 (m, 2H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.90(s, 3H), 2.58 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.37 (dd, J=7.2, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 1.68-1.57(m, 1H), 1.51 (dt, J=13.5, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 0.88 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H), 0.78 (d,J=6.6 Hz, 6H).

Step B: methyl4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pent-1-en-2-yl)benzoate

An oven-dried and nitrogen-cooled vial was charged with4-trifluoromethyl pyrazole (77.0 mg, 0.56 mmol), quinolin-8-ol (10 mg,0.07 mmol), copper(I) iodide (14 mg, 0.073 mmol), and potassiumcarbonate (140 mg, 1.0 mmol). A solution of methyl4-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-methylpent-1-en-2-yl)benzoate (182.7 mg, 0.489mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (2.5 mL) was then added. The vial was cappedand evacuated and back-filled with nitrogen four times. The reaction wasthen heated to 90° C. for 18 hours. The reaction was cooled to roomtemperature and partitioned between saturated ammonium chloride andethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted again with ethyl acetate,and the combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered,and concentrated. Column chromatography (0-10% ethyl acetate in heptane)provided methyl4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pent-1-en-2-yl)benzoate(19.8 mg, 9.5%) as an approximate 1:1 mixture of E/Z isomers. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 8.05-8.01 (m, 2H),7.98-7.93 (m, 2H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.71-7.66 (m, 2H),7.53-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.20 (m,2H), 7.01-6.96 (m, 2H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.90(s, 3H), 2.62 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.41 (dd, J=7.2, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 1.70-1.48(m, 2H), 0.90 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H), 0.80 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H). MS (M+1):429.3.

Step C:4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pent-1-en-2-yl)benzoicacid

Methyl4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pent-1-en-2-yl)benzoate(19.8 mg, 0.0460 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.5 mL) andtetrahydrofuran (0.5 mL). 1 N Sodium hydroxide (0.092 mL) was added andthe reaction was stirred at room temperature for 60 hours. The reactionwas concentrated. The crude residue was taken up in water and acidifiedto pH=2 with 1N HCl. This solution was extracted four times with ethylacetate, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated toprovide4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pent-1-en-2-yl)benzoicacid (18.3 mg, 96%) as an approximate 1:1 mixture of E/Z isomers. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),7.98 (s, 1H), 7.97-7.93 (m, 2H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.58(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.54-7.47 (m, 4H), 7.30-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.06-7.00 (m,2H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 2.70 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (dd,J=7.2, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 1.63 (dt, J=13.5, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 1.57-1.46 (m, 1H),0.92 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H), 0.80 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H).

Step D: (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pentan-2-yl)benzamido)propanoate

To a solution of4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pent-1-en-2-yl)benzoicacid (18.3 mg, 0.0440 mmol), methyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride(6.70 mg, 0.0480 mmol), 1-hydroxy-7-aza benzotriazole (6.00 mg, 0.0440mmol), and triethylamine (6.6 μL, 0.047 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.5mL), was added 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimidehydrochloride (8.50 mg, 0.0440 mmol). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 18 hours. The reaction was diluted with dichloromethaneand was washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.

This crude material was dissolved in methanol (15 mL) and was cycledthrough a THALES Nano H-cube (10% Pd/C catalyst cartridge, 50° C., fullhydrogen setting, 1 mL/min) for 2 hours. The crude reaction wasconcentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-40% ethyl acetatein heptane) gave methyl3-(4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pentan-2-yl)benzamido)propanoate (4.2 mg, 19%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.85(s, 1H), 7.65-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.09 (m, 2H),7.06-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.79-6.72 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.67 (m, 5H), 3.00-2.91 (m,2H), 2.86-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.66-2.61 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.43 (m,1H), 1.38-1.27 (m, 1H), 0.82 (dd, J=6.5, 2.4 Hz, 6H). MS (M+1): 502.4.

Step E:(+/−)-3-(4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pentan-2-yl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Methyl3-(4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pentan-2-yl)benzamido)propanoate(4.2 mg, 0.0080 mmol) was dissolved in 1:1 methanol: tetrahydrofuran(0.50 mL). 1N NaOH (0.024 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred atroom temperature for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated to dryness.The crude residue was taken up in water and acidified to pH=2 with 1NHCl. This solution was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. Thecombined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated to give(+/−)-3-(4-(4-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)pentan-2-yl)benzamido)propanoicacid (4.0 mg, 100%), as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.62(s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.17(m, 2H), 7.14-7.09 (m, 2H), 3.62-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.09-2.96 (m, 2H),2.90-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.60 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.78-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.52 (ddd,J=13.7, 9.2, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 1.39-1.25 (m, 1H), 0.83 (dd, J=6.4, 4.7 Hz,6H). MS (M+1): 488.4.

Example 5(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 1 using Intermediate (32). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.54(s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),7.62 (d, J=8.97 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.06 (t, J=5.95 Hz,1H), 6.98 (dd, J=8.97, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (t, J=6.83 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (m,2H), 2.70 (t, J=5.85 Hz, 2H), 1.92-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.26 (m, 2H), 0.93(t, J=7.32 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 476.3.

Example 63-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 5, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions: 4.6mm×25 cm. Mobile Phase: 70/30 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate: 2.5 mL/min.Modifier: none. Retention time: 4.05 minutes.

Example 73-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, the compound of Example 5, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H.Dimensions: 4.6 mm×25 cm. Mobile Phase: 70/30 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate:2.5 mL/min. Modifier: none. Retention time: 6.40 minutes.

Example 8(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 1 using Intermediate (31) and Intermediate (6). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=2.73 Hz, 1H),7.69 (d, J=8.19 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.19 Hz, 2H), 7.09-7.05 (m, 1H),6.96-6.90 (m, 1H), 6.85-6.80 (m, 1H), 4.14 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 1H), 3.73-3.66(m, 2H), 2.72-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.88 (m, 1H),1.75-1.20 (m, 7H). MS (M+1): 502.2.

Example 9(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)yridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 1 using Intermediate (6). Column: Waters Atlantis dC184.6×50 mm, 5 μm. Modifier: TFA 0.05%. Gradient: 95% H₂0/5% MeCN linearto 5% H₂0/95% MeCN over 4.0 min, HOLD at 5% H₂0/95% MeCN to 5.0 min.Flow: 2.0 mL/min. Retention time: 2.83 min. MS (M+1): 476.4.

Example 10 3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)yridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)yridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid Example 9, by chiralSFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions: 4.6 mm×25 cm. Mobile Phase:65/35 CO₂/ethanol. Flow Rate: 2.5 mL/min. Modifier: none. Retentiontime: 4.990 minutes.

Example 11 3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)yridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 9, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions: 4.6mm×25 cm. Mobile Phase: 65/35 CO₂/ethanol. Flow Rate: 2.5 mL/min.Modifier: none. Retention time: 7.410 minutes.

Example 12(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 1 using Intermediate (5) and Intermediate (52). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.35(d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.03-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.60-6.42(m, 2H), 4.33 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (s, 2H), 2.72-2.54 (m, 2H),1.87-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.22 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1):475.2.

Example 13(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 1 using Intermediate (8). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.91(s, 1H), 7.72-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.39 (d, J=8.00 Hz, 2H), 7.21-7.12 (br. t,J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 2H), 4.36 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.59 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.57(m, 2H), 1.91-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.84 (s, 6H), 1.40-1.16 (m, 2H), 0.88 (t,J=7.32 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 503.2.

Example 143-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 13, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions: 4.6mm×25 cm. Mobile Phase: 75/25 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow Rate: 2.5 mL/min.Modifier: none. Retention time: 3.77 minutes.

Example 153-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 13, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions: 4.6mm×25 cm. Mobile Phase: 75/25 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow Rate: 2.5 mL/min.Modifier: none. Retention time: 4.62 minutes.

Example 16(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 1 using Intermediate (5) and Intermediate (54). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.39(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.06 (dt, J=8.8, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H),6.53 (dt, J=8.8, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 4.38 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (q, J=6.0 Hz,2H), 2.71 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 1.88-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.31 (m, 2H), 0.97(t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 475.2.

Example 173-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 16, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions: 10mm×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 70/30 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate: 10.0 mL/min.Modifier: none. Retention time: 7.25 minutes.

Example 18 3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 16, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions: 10mm×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 70/30 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate: 10.0 mL/min.Modifier: none. Retention time: 8.80 minutes.

Example 19(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-methyl4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy) butyl)benzoate

A mixture of Intermediate (27) (130 mg, 0.32 mmol),4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole (50 mg, 0.37 mmol), quinolin-8-ol (7.0mg, 0.048 mmol), copper(I) iodide (9.1 mg, 0.048 mmol), and potassiumcarbonate (90.0 mg, 0.65 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (1.5 mL) was stirredunder nitrogen at 100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled toambient temperature and partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturatedammonium chloride. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate,filtered and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography gave(+/−)-methyl4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate (95mg, 71%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.02-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.68 (s, 1H),7.44-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.18-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.91-6.86 (m,2H), 5.18-5.12 (m, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.07-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.75 (m,1H), 1.60-1.36 (m, 2H), 0.98-0.91 (m, 3H).

Step B:(+/−)-4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid

Lithium hydroxide (1.0 mL, 1N in water, 1.0 mmol) was added to a roomtemperature solution of methyl4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate (95mg, 0.23 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL). The solution was stirred atambient temperature for 18 hours, then at reflux for 2 hours. Themixture was cooled to room temperature and acidified to pH=2 with 1NHCl. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer wasdried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give(+/−)-4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid (80 mg, 87%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.09-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.71(s, 1H), 7.46-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.20-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.92-6.87 (m, 2H),5.20-5.14 (m, 1H), 2.08-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.36 (m,2H), 1.01-0.92 (m, 3H).

Step C: (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (40 mg, 0.21mmol) was added to a room temperature solution of(+/−)-4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid (80 mg, 0.20 mmol), methyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (28 mg,0.20 mmol), 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (30 mg, 0.22 mmol), andtriethylamine (31 μL, 0.22 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL). The solutionwas stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with dichloromethane (20 mL) and washed with water, then brine.The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated to give (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(89 mg, 90%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.74-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.66(s, 1H), 7.44-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.18-7.13 (m, 2H),6.91-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.83-6.75 (m, 1H), 5.16-5.12 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.66 (m,5H), 2.66-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.35(m, 2H), 0.99-0.91 (m, 3H).

Step D:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Lithium hydroxide (1.0 mL, 1N in water, 1.0 mmol) was added to a roomtemperature solution of (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(89 mg, 0.18 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL). The solution was stirredat room temperature 5 hours. The mixture was acidified to pH=2 with 1NHCl, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (84 mg, 98%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.74-7.68 (m, 3H),7.45-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.18-7.12 (m, 2H), 6.91-6.85 (m,2H), 6.84-6.77 (m, 1H), 5.17-5.11 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.64(m, 2H), 2.03-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.35 (m, 2H),0.99-0.91 (m, 3H). MS (M+1): 475.9.

Example 20(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(methylthio)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Copper iodide (1.31 g, 6.87 mmol), quinolin-8-ol (1.00 g, 6.87 mmol),and potassium carbonate (10.5 g, 76.0 mmol) were combined andpulverized. 78 mg of this mixture was added to4-(methylthio)-1H-pyrazole (0.400 mmol) in a two dram vial. A solutionof Intermediate (27) (123 mg, 0.300 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (0.500mL) was added to the vial under a stream of dry nitrogen. The vial wascapped and agitated on an orbital shaker at 120° C. for 12 hours. Thereaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo.

To the crude residue was added methanol (2.0 mL), tetrahydrofuran (1.0mL), and aqueous lithium hydroxide (2.0 M, 2.0 mL). The reaction wasagitated on an orbital shaker at 60° C. for 12 hours. The reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo and the remaining crude residue wascarefully acidified with 1.0M aqueous hydrochloric acid (5.0 mL). Theresulting acidified mixture was concentrated in vacuo.

A mixture of tert-butyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (12.3 g, 67.7mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (6.89 g, 45 mmol) and1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (12.9 g,67.3 mmol) was suspended in tetrahydrofuran (450 mL). A 3.0 mL aliquotof this solution was transferred to the crude acid from the previoustransformation. Triethylamine (0.167 mL, 1.20 mmol) was added and themixture was agitated on an orbital shaker overnight. The reactionmixture was treated with Si-diamine scavenger (ca. 5.0 eq) and wasagitated for 12 hours on an orbital shaker. The reaction was filteredthrough a silica gel plug, washing with tetrahydrofuran (three times).The combined organic filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.

To the crude residue was added dichloromethane (4.0 mL), followed bytrifluoroacetic acid (2.0 mL). The reaction was agitated on an orbitalshaker for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo.Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm,0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05%trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(methylthio)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (39.7 mg, 23% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.25minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 454.0.

Example 21(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (50.3 mg, 29% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.71minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 464.0.

Example 22(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (31.4 mg, 18% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.44minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 456.0.

Example 23(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 4-chloro-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (40.1 mg, 24% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.31minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 441.0.

Example 24(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (15.2 mg, 9% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.19minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 450.0.

Example 25(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propenoicacid (24.4 mg, 14.1%). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.31 minutes(Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrile lineargradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 464.1.

Example 26(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 4-methyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (57.5 mg, 36% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.10minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 422.0.

Example 27(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (38.6 mg, 23% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.43minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 450.0.

Example 28(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 4-fluoro-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (34.4 mg, 23% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.25minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 454.0.

Example 29(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3-methyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (52 mg, 32% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.02minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 422.0.

Example 30(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 2H-1,2,3-triazole. Purification by reversed-phaseHPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with agradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier)gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (18.7 mg, 12% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.07minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 409.0.

Example 31(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3-butyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification by reversed-phaseHPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with agradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier)gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (15.3 mg, 9% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.4minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 464.0.

Example 32(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5-ethoxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 5-ethoxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5-ethoxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (33.3 mg, 19% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.23minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 466.0.

Example 33(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 5-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (36.3 mg, 21% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.07minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 452.0.

Example 34(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 4-butyl-1H-imidazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (5.9 mg, 3% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.45minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 464.1.

Example 35(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-cyano-3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonitrile.Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm,0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05%trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-cyano-3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (31.9 mg, 18% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.6minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 474.0.

Example 36(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-cyano-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile.Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm,0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05%trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-cyano-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (19.9 mg, 12% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.4minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 460.0.

Example 37(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-cyano-3-methyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonitrile. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-cyano-3-methyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (37.1 mg, 22% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.36minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 446.0.

Example 38 (+/−)-3-(6-(1-(4-(3-propyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3-propyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(6-(1-(4-(3-propyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoicacid (4.4 mg, 3% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.24minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 450.0.

Example 39(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (22.8 mg, 14% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.07minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 436.

Example 40(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 1H-pyrazole. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC ona Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradientof water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid(46.1 mg, 29% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.93minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 408.0.

Example 41(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (29.6 mg, 18% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.74minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 447.0.

Example 42(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3-ethyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification by reversed-phaseHPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with agradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier)gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propenoicacid (10.0 mg, 6% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.07minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 436.0.

Example 43(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-5-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 4-chloro-5-methyl-1H-imidazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-5-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (5.1 mg, 3% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.48minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 456.0.

Example 44(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4,5-diethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 4,5-diethyl-1H-imidazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4,5-diethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (56.1 mg, 32% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.50minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 464.0.

Example 45(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (42.0 mg, 25% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.97minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 436.0.

Example 46(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (30.3 mg, 19% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.58minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 423.0.

Example 47(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 1H-1,2,4-triazole. Purification by reversed-phaseHPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with agradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier)gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (44.2 mg, 28% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.59minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 409.0.

Example 48(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 2-butyl-1H-imidazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (82 mg, 47% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.36minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 464.1.

Example 49(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using 4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. Purification byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (43.1 mg, 26% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.19minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 436.0.

Example 50(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)Propanoic acid

To 1-propyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole(95.2 mg, 0.400 mmol) and PS—PPh₃-Pd (0.170 g, 0.017 mmol) in amicrowave vial was added a solution of Intermediate (27) (123 mg, 0.300mmol) in dimethoxyethane (3.3 mL), followed by an aqueous solution ofpotassium carbonate (2.0M, 1.7 mL). The vial was capped and heated to100° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was filtered, the resin waswashed with tetrahydrofuran (2×1.0 mL), and the combined organicfiltrate was concentrated in vacuo.

To the crude residue was added methanol (2.0 mL), tetrahydrofuran (1.0mL), and aqueous lithium hydroxide (2.0 mL, 2.0M). The reaction wasagitated on an orbital shaker at 60° C. for 12 hours. The reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo and the remaining crude residue wascarefully acidified with 1.0M aqueous hydrochloric acid (5.0 mL). Theresulting acidified mixture was concentrated in vacuo.

A mixture of tert-butyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (12.3 g, 67.7mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (6.89 g, 45 mmol) and1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (12.9 g,67.3 mmol) was suspended in tetrahydrofuran (450 mL). A 3.0 mL aliquotof this solution was transferred to the crude acid from the previoustransformation. Triethylamine (0.167 mL, 1.20 mmol) was added and themixture was agitated on an orbital shaker overnight. The reactionmixture was treated with Si-diamine scavenger (ca. 5.0 eq) and themixture was agitated for 12 hours on an orbital shaker. The reaction wasfiltered through a plug of silica gel, rinsing with tetrahydrofuran (3times). The combined organic filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.

To the crude residue was added dichloromethane (4.0 mL), followed bytrifluoroacetic acid (2.0 mL). The reaction was agitated on an orbitalshaker for 12 hours at ambient temperature. The crude reaction mixturewas concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified byreversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm columneluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroaceticacid modifier) to give(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (56.1 mg, 33% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.11minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 450.0.

Example 51(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 50. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters SunfireC₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water inacetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave the desiredproduct (3.8 mg, 2% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.65minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 408.0.

Example 52(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 50. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters SunfireC₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water inacetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (40.3 mg, 24% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.14minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 437.0.

Example 53(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 50. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters SunfireC₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water inacetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (53.5 mg, 30% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.42minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 490.0.

Example 54(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 50. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters SunfireC₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water inacetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (2.5 mg, 2% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.85minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 422.0.

Example 55(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 50. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters SunfireC₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water inacetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (7.0 mg, 4% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.86minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 436.0.

Example 56(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 50. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters SunfireC₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water inacetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid(1.8 mg, 1% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.62 minutes(Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrile lineargradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 408.0.

Example 57(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 50. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters SunfireC₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water inacetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (8.1 mg, 5% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.85minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 422.0.

Example 58(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 50. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters SunfireC₁₈ 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water inacetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (21 mg, 12% over 4 steps). Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.81minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrilelinear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 450.0.

Example 59(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 19, using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 8.00-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.84-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.73-7.68 (m, 2H),7.46-7.36 (m, 4H), 6.90-6.84 (m, 2H), 6.77-6.70 (m, 1H), 5.18-5.11 (m,1H), 3.74-3.66 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.74(m, 1H), 1.59-1.36 (m, 2H), 0.99-0.91 (m, 3H). MS (M−1): 474.0.

Example 603-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 59, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralcel OJ-H. Dimensions: 10mm×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 80/20 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate: 10.0 mL/min.Modifier: none. Retention time: 3.66 minutes.

Example 613-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 59, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralcel OJ-H. Dimensions: 10mm×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 80/20 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate: 10.0 mL/min.Modifier: none. Retention time: 4.81 minutes.

Example 62(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate

Intermediate (25) (42.1 mg, 0.178 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.8mL). Intermediate (23) (54.4 mg, 0.196 mmol) was added, followed bydecaborane (13.1 mg, 0.107 mmol). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 18 hours and was then concentrated. Purification bycolumn chromatography (20-100% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave(+/−)-methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(81.3 mg, 92%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.61 (s,1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.66 (m, 4H), 7.53 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.31(m, 4H), 7.26-7.19 (m, 1H), 6.94 (m, 1H), 6.81-6.74 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.34(m, 1H), 3.73-3.66 (m, 5H), 2.66-2.60 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.72 (m, 2H),1.50-1.29 (m, 2H), 0.98-0.90 (m, 3H). MS (M+1): 498.4.

Step B:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(82.1 mg, 0.165 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.5 mL) andtetrahydrofuran (0.5 mL). 1N Sodium hydroxide (0.33 mL) was added andthe reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The reactionwas then concentrated. The crude residue was taken up in water andacidified with 1N hydrochloric acid to pH=3. A white precipitate formed.The solids were filtered off and dried under vacuum to give(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (61.6 mg, 77%) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ):8.57 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.78-7.69 (m, 3H),7.61-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.38-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.16(m, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J=8.9, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.48-4.41 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.55 (m,2H), 2.60 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.94-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.33 (m, 2H), 0.96(t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 484.4.

Example 63(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 62 using Intermediate (12). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 7.91(d, 1H), 7.72 (d, 2H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 6.58(d, 2H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 2.60 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.80 (m, 1H),1.74-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.35 (m, 1H), 0.94 (m, 3H).MS (M+1): 425.3.

Example 64(+/−)-3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid

Step A:(+/−)-6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinicacid

A microwave reaction vial was charged with Intermediate (14) (180 mg,0.605 mmol) and isopropanol (5 mL). Methyl 6-chloronicotinate (114 mg,0.665 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (313 mg, 2.42 mmol) were added.The resulting mixture was heated to 130° C. for 15 hours under microwaveirradiation. The mixture was concentrated and the crude residue waspurified by column chromatography to give (+/−)-methyl6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinate (30 mg).

To a solution of (+/−)-methyl6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinate(30 mg, 0.069 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) was added lithiumhydroxide (0.103 mL, 2N in water, 0.207 mmol). The mixture was stirredat 50° C. overnight. The mixture was neutralized with 1N aqueoushydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layerwas dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinicacid (25 mg, 87%) as a white solid. MS (M+1): 419.1.

Step B: (+/−)-methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate

To a solution of(+/−)-6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinicacid (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) was addedO-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (67.7 mg, 0.178 mmol). The mixture was stirred for45 minutes. Methyl 3-aminopropionate hydrochloride (24.6 mg, 0.178 mmol)and diisopropylethylamine (61.5 mg, 0.476 mmol) were added. Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Themixture was diluted with saturated ammonium chloride. The solution wasextracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organics werewashed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentratedto give methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate(50 mg, 83%) as a brown oil. MS (M+1): 504.1

Step C:(+/−)-3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid

Methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate(50 mg, 0.099 mmol) was dissolved in water (5 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (5mL). Lithium hydroxide (0.387 mL, 2N in water, 0.774 mmol) was added.The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture wasneutralized with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. Purification by HPLC (column: Boston Analytics SymmetrixODS-H 150×30 mm, 5 μm; modifier: formic acid 0.225%; gradient: 10 to 80%acetonitrile in water) gave(+/−)-3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoic acid (25 mg, 52%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ):8.70 (s, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.74 (d, 2H),7.53 (d, 2H), 6.59 (d, 1H), 5.12-5.02 (m, 1H), 3.57 (m, 2H), 2.59 (m,2H), 1.89-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.98 (d, 3H).MS (M+1): 490.5.

Example 65(+/−)-3-(4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-vi)phenoxy)ethyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-methyl4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)benzoate

To a solution of Intermediate (16) (50.0 mg, 0.227 mmol), Intermediate(29) (62.2 mg, 0.272 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (120 mg, 0.454 mmol)in tetrahydrofuran (0.5 mL) was added diethylazodicarboxylate (79.1 mg,0.454 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethylacetate. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. Thecombined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated. Purification by column chromatography gave (+/−)-methyl4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)benzoate(32 mg, 33%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.95-7.93 (m, 3H), 7.79 (s,1H), 7.45-7.33 (m, 4H), 6.84 (d, 2H), 5.19 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H),1.99-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.55 (m, 1H), 0.79-0.69 (m, 1H), 0.46-0.42 (m,2H), 0.10-0.10 (m, 2H).

Step B: (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)benzamido)propanoate

To a mixture of (+/−)-methyl4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)benzoate(104 mg, 0.242 mmol) in methanol (1.2 mL) and water (0.2 L) was addedlithium hydroxide monohydrate (50.08 mg, 1.21 mmol) at room temperature.The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture waspoured into water and acidified to pH=6 with 1N hydrochloric acid. Thesolution was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was driedover sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue wasdissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (0.84 mL) andO-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (95.8 mg, 0.252 mmol) was added, followed byN-methylmorpholine (50.9 mg, 0.504 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. Methyl 3-aminopropionate(23.4 mg, 0.168 mmol) was then added and the reaction was stirred for 48hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between brine and ethylacetate. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. Thecombined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. Purification by column chromatography gave (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)benzamido)propanoate(92 mg, 76%). MS (M+Na): 524.1.

Step C:(+/−)-3-(4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

To a mixture of methyl3-(4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)benzamido)propanoate(92 mg, 0.18 mmol) in methanol (0.9 mL) and water (0.2 mL) was addedlithium hydroxide monohydrate (38.4 mg, 0.92 mmol). The resultingmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixturewas poured into water and acidified with 1N hydrochloric acid to pH=6.The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer wasdried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification bycolumn chromatography gave(+/−)-3-(4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (52 mg, 59%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, 6): 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s,1H), 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 5.34 (m,1H), 3.53 (m, 2H), 2.48 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.58 (m, 1H),0.75-0.77 (m, 1H), 0.42-0.33 (m, 2H), 0.08-0.01 (m, 2H). MS (M+Na):510.3.

Example 66(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 65 using Intermediate (37). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.55(s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, 2H), 7.57 (d, 2H), 7.51 (d, 2H), 6.99(d, 2H), 5.15 (d, 1H), 3.64-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.41(m, 1H), 1.97-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.38 (m, 7H). MS (M+1): 502.3.

Example 673-(4-(cyclopentyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(cyclopentyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 66, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions:10×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 70/30 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow Rate: 10.0 mL/min.Modifier: none. Retention time: 4.24 minutes.

Example 683-(4-(cyclopentyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(cyclopentyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 66, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions:10×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 70/30 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow Rate: 10.0 mL/min.Modifier: none. Retention time: 6.00 minutes.

Example 69(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclobutyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 65 using Intermediate (45). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.56(s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, 2H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.01(d, 2H), 5.27-5.25 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.78 (m, 1H),2.65-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.00 (m, 3H), 2.00-1.70 (m, 3H). MS (M+1):488.5.

Example 70(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 19 using 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole. Analytical LCMS:retention time 3.48 minutes (Waters Atlantis dC₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μmcolumn; 95% water/acetonitrile linear gradient to 5% water/acetonitrileover 4.0 minutes, hold at 5% water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05%trifluoroacetic acid modifier; flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1):475.98.

Example 71(+/−)-3-(4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 65 using Intermediate (42). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.57(s, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, 2H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 6.99(d, 2H), 5.47-5.45 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.61 (m, 2H),2.12-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.08 (s, 9H). MS (M+1): 504.4.

Example 72(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 19 using 4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole.Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.63 minutes (Waters Atlantis dC₁₈4.6×50 mm, 5 μm column; 95% water/acetonitrile linear gradient to 5%water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5% water/acetonitrile to5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier; flow rate 2.0mL/minute); MS (M+1): 489.98.

Example 73(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 19 using 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.99 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.57-7.63 (m, 2H),7.46 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.99-7.05 (m, 2H), 5.35 (dd, J=7.8, 5.1 Hz, 1H),3.55-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.94-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.87(m, 1H), 1.36-1.61 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, 3H). MS (M+1): 477.1.

Example 74(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(3-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 19 using 3-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole.Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.57 minutes (Waters Atlantis dC₁₈4.6×50 mm, 5 μm column; 95% water/acetonitrile linear gradient to 5%water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5% water/acetonitrile to5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier; flow rate 2.0mL/minute); MS (M+1): 490.04.

Example 75(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 19 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.75-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H),7.11-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.93-6.85 (m, 3H), 5.16-5.11 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.67 (m,2H), 2.71-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.03-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.74 (m,1H), 1.58-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.37 (m, 1H), 0.98-0.92 (m, 3H). MS (M+1):490.3.

Example 76(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopropyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 65 using Intermediate (19). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.00(s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.73 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.42 (m, 4H), 6.89-6.87 (m,2H), 6.77-6.76 (m, 1H), 4.69-4.67 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.70 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.69(m, 2H), 1.38-1.34 (m, 1H), 0.73-0.68 (m, 1H), 0.63-0.46 (m, 3H). MS(M+1): 474.4, MS (M+23): 496.3.

Example 77(+/−)-3-(4-(2-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-(2-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)propyl)benzamido)propanoate

To a 0° C. solution of Intermediate (17) (120 mg, 0.32 mmol) andIntermediate (29) (103 mg, 0.48 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was addedtributylphosphine (129 mg, 0.64 mmol) followed by1,1′-(azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine (134 mg, 0.64 mmol). The reaction waswarmed to ambient temperature and stirred overnight. Brine (20 mL) wasadded and the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. Thecombined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. Purification by column chromatography gave tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-(2-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)propyl)benzamido)propanoate(60 mg, 32%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H),7.37-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.20 (m, 4H), 6.81-6.79 (m, 2H), 4.78 (d, 1H),3.47-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H),1.21 (s, 9H), 0.97 (d, 3H), 0.85 (d, 3H).

Step B:(+/−)-3-(4-(2-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)propyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

To a room temperature solution of tert-butyl3-(N-tert-butyl-4-(2-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)propyl)benzamido)propanoate(60 mg, 0.10 mmol) in dichloromethane (6 mL) was added trifluoroaceticacid (2.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours.The reaction mixture was concentrated and purification by HPLC gave(+/−)-3-(4-(2-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (11.4 mg, 24%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s,1H), 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 6.97 (d, 2H), 5.06 (d,1H), 3.61-3.58 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.11 (m, 1H), 1.08 (d,3H), 0.93 (d, 3H). MS (M+1): 476.4.

Example 78(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 77 using Intermediate (46). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO, δ):8.97 (s, 1H), 8.49-8.47 (m, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.78 (d, 2H),7.69-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.01 (m, 2H), 5.40-5.37 (m,1H), 3.51-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.81 (m, 2H), 0.96-0.92(m, 3H). MS (M+1): 462.5.

Example 79(+/−)-3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)butoxy)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 19 using Intermediate (41). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ):7.78-7.77 (m, 3H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 6.96-6.92 (m, 2H),5.33-5.31 (m, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.59 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.60 (m, 2H),2.05-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.41 (m, 2H), 0.98-0.94 (m,3H). MS (M+1): 438.1.

Example 80(+/−)-3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 77 using Intermediate (15). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.52(s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.57 (d, 2H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 6.97(d, 2H), 5.39-5.36 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.57 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.58 (m, 2H),2.00-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.57 (m, 1H), 1.02-0.97 (m,6H). MS (M+1): 490.5.

Example 813-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, the compound of Example 80, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H.Dimensions: 10×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 70/30 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow Rate:10.0 mL/min. Modifier: none. Retention time: 3.39 minutes (second peakeluted).

Example 82(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-ethyl4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate

Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.14 mL, 0.67 mmol) was added dropwise toa solution of Intermediate (26) (119.9 mg, 0.47 mmol), ethyl4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate (98.0 mg, 0.44 mmol), and triphenylphosphine(178 mg, 0.67 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (4.4 mL). After 18 hours, thereaction was concentrated and purification by column chromatography(0-40% ethyl acetate in heptanes) gave (+/−)-ethyl4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate(140 mg, 69%) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.02 (d, J=8.8 Hz,2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.57 (s, 2H),5.16 (dd, J=7.9, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.06-1.91 (m, 1H),1.88 (s, 6H), 1.86-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.38 (t, J=7.1 Hz,3H), 0.96 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 461.

Step B:(+/−)-4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid

To a vial containing ethyl4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate(135 mg, 0.29 mmol) was added water (0.59 mL), tetrahydrofuran (0.591mL), and methanol (0.59 mL). Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (615.0 mg,14.6 mmol) was then added. The suspension was stirred at roomtemperature for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was acidified to pH=3 with citric acid (5%). The mixture wasextracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organics were dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give (+/−)-4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoic acid(120 mg, 95%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.07 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.58(s, 2H), 5.18 (dd, J=8.0, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 2.04-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.89 (s, 6H),1.87-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.36 (m, 2H), 0.97 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1):433.

Step C: (+/−)-ethyl3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate

N,N-dimethylformamide (1.88 mL) was added to a vial containing4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid (122.0 mg, 0.28 mmol), ethyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (86.6mg, 0.56 mmol) andO-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (214.0 mg, 0.56 mmol). Diisopropylethylamine (0.25mL, 1.41 mmol) was then added. After stirring for 4 hours, the reactionwas diluted with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted three timeswith diethyl ether. The combined organics were dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-25% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded (+/−)-ethyl3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate (117 mg, 78% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.87 (s,1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.84(d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 2H), 5.15 (dd, J=7.8, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (q,J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.91(m, 1H), 1.88 (s, 6H), 1.86-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.33 (m, 2H), 1.26 (t,J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 532.

Step D:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

To a flask containing ethyl3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(117 mg, 0.22 mmol) was added water (0.55 mL), tetrahydrofuran (0.55mL), and methanol (0.55 mL). Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (508 mg, 12.1mmol) was then added. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for18 hours. The reaction was concentrated and acidified to pH=3 withcitric acid (10%). A white precipitate formed. The solid was filtered,rinsed with water, and dried under vacuum to give(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (90 mg, 81%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.88 (s,1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.80(t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (s, 2H), 5.16 (dd, J=7.8, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (q,J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.88 (s, 6H),1.86-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.31 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1):504.

Example 83(S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, the compound of Example 82, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H.Dimensions: 10×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 80/20 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow Rate:10.0 mL/min. Modifier: 0.2% isopropylamine. Retention time: 3.23minutes.

Alternatively(S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, the compound of Example 83 can be prepared by chiral synthesis asfollows.

Step A: (S)-ethyl4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate

To a solution of Intermediate (56) (4.51 g, 20.3 mmol) and Intermediate(26) (5.2 g, 20.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was addeddiisopropyl azodicarboxylate (13.1 mL, 30.4 mmol). Tributylphosphine(7.86 mL, 31.5 mmol) was added dropwise at room temperature, maintainingthe internal temperature below 30° C. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The reaction was then concentrated. Theresulting solid was diluted with dichloromethane and hydrochloric acid(1 N). The mixture was extracted twice with dichloromethane. Thecombined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-8% ethyl acetatein heptanes) afforded (S)-ethyl4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate(6.9 g, 74%) as an oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.02 (d, J=8.8 Hz,2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.57 (s, 2H),5.16 (dd, J=7.9, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.06-1.91 (m, 1H),1.88 (s, 6H), 1.86-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.38 (t, J=7.1 Hz,3H), 0.96 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 461.

Step B: (S)-4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoic acid

To a flask containing (S)-ethyl4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate(11.8 g, 25.6 mmol) was added water (32.0 mL), tetrahydrofuran (32.0mL), and methanol (32.0 mL). Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (2.15 g, 51.2mmol) was then added. The suspension was stirred at room temperature.After 1.5 h, another (1.07 g, 25.6 mmol) of lithium hydroxidemonohydrate was added. After 2 h, the reaction was concentrated. Thecrude residue was dissolved in water and the solution was acidified topH=3 with 1N hydrochloric acid. A white precipitate formed. The solidwas filtered, rinsed with water, and dried under vacuum to give(S)-4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid (11.1 g, 100%) as a white gum. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.07 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.58(s, 2H), 5.18 (dd, J=8.0, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 2.04-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.89 (s, 6H),1.87-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.36 (m, 2H), 0.97 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1):433.

Step C: (S)-ethyl3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate

N,N-dimethylformamide (17.6 mL) was added to a vial containing(S)-4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid (6.1 g, 14.1 mmol), ethyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (4.33 g,28.2 mmol) and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (10.7 g, 28.2 mmol). Diisopropylethylamine (12.3 mL,70.5 mmol) was then added. The reaction was stirred for 1 h, and wasthen concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-30% ethylacetate in heptane) afforded (S)-ethyl3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate (7.07 g, 94% yield) as a colorless gum. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d,J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 2H), 5.15 (dd, J=7.8,5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t,J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.88 (s, 6H), 1.86-1.71 (m, 1H),1.58-1.33 (m, 2H), 1.26 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). MS(M+1): 532.

Step D:(S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

To a flask containing ethyl (S)-ethyl3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(6.95 g, 13.1 mmol) was added water (33.0 mL), tetrahydrofuran (33.0mL), and methanol (33.0 mL). Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (1.1 g, 26.1mmol) was then added. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for13 hours. The reaction was concentrated. The crude residue was dissolvedin water, and the solution was acidified to pH=4 with 1N hydrochloricacid. A white precipitate formed. The solid was filtered, rinsed withwater, and dried under vacuum to give(S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (5.7 g, 87%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.88 (s,1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.80(t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (s, 2H), 5.16 (dd, J=7.8, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (q,J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.88 (s, 6H),1.86-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.31 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1):504.

Another alternative synthesis of(S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, the compound of Example 83 is provided by chiral synthesis asfollows.

Step A: (R)-4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoic acid

To a solution of Intermediate (56) (3.25 g, 14.6 mmol), was added water(25.0 mL), tetrahydrofuran (25.0 mL), and methanol (25.0 mL). Lithiumhydroxide monohydrate (1.23 g, 29.2 mmol) was then added. The suspensionwas stirred at room temperature. After 2.5 h, the reaction wasconcentrated. The crude residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and thesolution was acidified to pH=3 with 1N hydrochloric acid. The mixturewas extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organics weredried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give(R)-4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoic acid (2.63 g, 93%) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.09 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H),4.79 (dd, J=7.6, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 1.86-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.64 (m, 1H),1.54-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.27 (m, 1H), 0.95 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M−1):193.

Step B: (R)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzamido)propanoate

N,N-dimethylformamide (16.9 mL) was added to a vial containing(R)-4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoic acid (2.6 g, 13.5 mmol), ethyl3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (4.16 g, 27.1 mmol) andO-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (10.3 g, 27.1 mmol). Diisopropylethylamine (11.8 mL,67.7 mmol) was then added. The reaction was stirred for 1 h, and wasthen concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-50% ethylacetate in heptane) afforded (R)-ethyl3-(4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzamido)propanoate (3.97 g, 100% yield) as anoil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.75 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 6.83 (br. s., 1H), 4.74 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (q, J=7.1 Hz,2H), 3.73 (q, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.87 (br. s., 1H),1.84-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.28 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (t,J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 294.

Step C: (S)-ethyl3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate

To a solution of azeotropically dried (R)-ethyl3-(4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzamido)propanoate (2.6 g, 8.9 mmol) andazodicarboxylic acid dipiperidine (3.8 g, 15.1 mmol) (with toluene) intetrahydrofuran (49.2 mL) was added tributylphosphine (3.9 mL, 16.0mmol) dropwise at room temperature. Intermediate (26) (2.3 g, 8.9 mmol)was then added portionwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 16 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and thenextracted twice with sodium hydroxide (1 N), once with water, once withhydrochloric acid (1 N), and finally once with brine. The organic layerwas dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purificationby column chromatography (0-30% ethyl acetate in heptanes) afforded(S)-ethyl4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate(3.53 g, 75%) as colorless gum: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.87 (s,1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.84(d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 2H), 5.15 (dd, J=7.8, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (q,J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.91(m, 1H), 1.88 (s, 6H), 1.86-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.33 (m, 2H), 1.26 (t,J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 532. Chiral SFC.Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions: 4.6×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 80/20CO₂/ethanol. Flow Rate: 2.5 mL/min. Modifier: None. Retention time: 3.05minutes.

Step D:(S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

To a flask containing ethyl (S)-ethyl3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(3.5 g, 6.6 mmol) was added tetrahydrofuran (16.5 mL), methanol (16.5mL), and sodium hydroxide (1N) (16.5 mL, 16.5 mmol). The suspension wasstirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated.The crude residue was dissolved in water, and the solution was acidifiedto pH=3 with 1N hydrochloric acid. A white precipitate formed. The solidwas filtered, rinsed with water, and dried under vacuum to give(S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (2.87 g, 87%) as a white solid. Recrystallization was performedusing methyl tert-butyl ether to provide a crystalline compound. Thecrystalline compound can be characterized by powder X-ray diffraction toprovide the spectrum substantially as shown in FIG. 1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃, δ): 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (s, 2H), 5.16 (dd, J=7.8,5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (q, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.91(m, 1H), 1.88 (s, 6H), 1.86-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.31 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t,J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 504. Mp 157-159° C. [α]_(D)=−43.8 (c=1; CHCl₃).

A further synthesis of the compound of Example 83 is provided below.

Step (1): (R)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate

To a solution of borane diethylaniline complex (20.6 g, 25.2 mL, 126mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (130 mL) at 20° C. was added (s)-methyloxazaborilidine (6.3 mL, 6.3 mmol). A solution of ketone (26.0 g, 126mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (130 mL) was added over 2.5 h. The reaction wasstirred 10 min before quenching with methanol (15.3 mL). To the quenchedsolution was added 1 M HCl (125 mL) and the product was extracted withheptane (2×130 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with 1 MHCl (125 mL) and concentrated to a final volume of 250 mL. The solutionwas cooled to −10° C. the product filtered and washed with cold heptanesto give (R)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate as a white solid (23.3 g,89% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 7.99 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.73 (dd, J=7.4, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 1.81-1.61 (m,2H), 1.47-1.26 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Step (1s): 3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol

To a solution of the aryl bromide (intermediate 7) (15.3 g, 49 mmol) andpotassium hydroxide (9.50 g, 144 mmol) in N-methylpyrrolidone (38 mL)and water (38 mL) was added tris(dibenzylidineacetone)dipalladium (0.44g, 0.48 mmol) and t-butyl X-Phos (0.41 g, 0.96 mmol). The solution washeated to 90° C. After 30 min the reaction was cooled to roomtemperature and ethyl acetate (75 mL) was added. The solution wasacidified with conc. HCl (9 mL). The aq. phase was split and the organiclayer washed with a 0.5 M potassium phosphate, tribasic solution (75mL). The solvent was removed and toluene (75 mL) added. The toluenesolution was cooled to 0° C. and filtered to give3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol (9.21 g, 75%yield) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 9.71 (s, 1H),8.52 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 1.82 (s, 6H).

Step (2,3.4):(S)-4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid tromethamine salt

Step (2): (R)-methyl 4-(1-(methylsulfonyloxy)butyl)benzoate

To a solution of (R)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate, intermediate(26) (10 g, 48 mmol) in methyl t-butyl ether (80 mL) containingtriethylamine (6.32 g, 62 mmol) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (6.05g, 53 mmol) slowly at 20° C. The solution was filtered to removetriethylamine salts and the solution used in the next step withoutisolation.

Step (3): (S)-methyl4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate

To a solution of3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol (intermediate26) (12.6 g, 49 mmol) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (70 mL) was addedcesium carbonate (23.5 g, 72 mmol) and the solution of mesylate fromstep 2. The reaction was heated to 65° C. for 5 h. The reaction was thencooled to room temperature and water (80 mL) was added. The aq. layerwas split and the organic solution was used in the next step withoutisolation.

Step (4):(S)-4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid tromethamine salt

To the solution from step 3 was added 5 M sodium hydroxide solution (29mL, 145 mmol) and methanol (30 mL). The solution was heated to 35° C.for 6 h. After cooling to room temperature, the solution was acidifiedwith conc. HCl (12.4 mL). The reaction was washed with water (30 mL).The organic solution was concentrated and the residue taken up inacetonitrile (100 mL). A solution of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane(5.82 g, 48 mmol) in water (5 mL) was added slowly. The resulting slurrywas cooled to 0° C. The product was filtered and washed withacetonitrile to give the desired salt as a white solid (20.5 g, 77%yield)¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.53 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d,J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.74 (s, 2H), 5.38 (dd, J=7.4,5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (s, 6H), 1.94-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.79 (s, 6H), 1.76-1.68(m, 1H), 1.45-1.29 (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

Step (5-6):(S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step (5): (S)-methyl3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate

To a solution of the tromethamine salt (20 g, 36 mmol) in2-methyltetrahydrofuran (200 mL) was added β-alanine ethyl ester (7.08g, 45 mmol), 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (8.25 g, 47 mmol) andN-methylmorpholine (7.31 g, 72 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 20° C.for 2 h. The reaction was washed with water (2×72 ml) and the organicsolution used in the next step without isolation.

Step (6):(S)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

To the solution from step 5 was added methanol (40 mL), water (54 mL)and sodium hydroxide (4.34 g, 108 mmol). The reaction was stirred 1 h at30° C. The solution was acidified with conc. HCl (9.33 mL) and the aq.phase split. The organic solution was washed with 1 N HCl (40 mL). Theorganic phase was concentrated and the residue taken up in acetonitrile(300 mL). The solution was cooled to 0° C. and stirred 5 h. The solidproduct was filtered and washed with cold acetonitrile, giving thedesired compound as a white solid (14.6 g, 80% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ: 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d,J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.89 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 2H), 5.15 (dd, J=7.8,4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (q, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.95 (m,1H), 1.86 (s, 6H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.38 (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, J=7.4 Hz,3H). The final compound was recrystallized from acetonitrile (5 vol).The compound was heated to 80° C. and then cooled to 0° C. to provide apurity of 99.01%.

Example 84(R)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, the compound of Example 82, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H.Dimensions: 10×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 80/20 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow Rate:10.0 mL/min. Modifier: 0.2% isopropylamine. Retention time: 3.65minutes.

Example 85(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-2-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 19 using Intermediate (49) and4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.62 (s,1H), 8.42 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J=9.0, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H),7.76-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.44 (m, 2H), 6.99-6.93 (m, 1H), 6.09 (dd,J=7.9, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.63-3.55 (m, 2H), 2.60 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.08-1.96(m, 1H), 1.90-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.33 (m, 2H), 0.98-0.92 (m, 3H). MS(M+1): 477.3.

Example 86(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-methyl4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yloxy)butyl)benzoate

To a 0° C. mixture of Intermediate (20) (150 mg, 0.72 mmol) andIntermediate (38) (110 mg, 0.48 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL) wasadded triphenylphosphine (252 mg, 0.96 mmol) followed bydiethylazodicarboxylate (167 mg, 0.96 mmol). The mixture was stirred at40° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water andethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filteredand concentrated. Purification by column chromatography gave(+/−)-methyl4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yloxy)butyl)benzoate(170 mg, 84%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.60 (s, 1H), 7.97-7.93 (m,3H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.34 (d, 2H), 7.20-7.17 (m, 1H),5.13-5.10 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.01-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.78 (m, 1H),1.48-1.47 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.36 (m, 1H), 0.92-0.89 (m, 3H).

Step B:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

To a 0° C. solution of methyl4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yloxy)butyl)benzoate(170.0 mg, 0.405 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) was added 2N lithiumhydroxide (610 μL, 1.22 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 50° C.overnight. The reaction was neutralized with 1N hydrochloric acid andextracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated, to give 164 mg of a colorless solid.To a solution of 100 mg of the crude residue in N,N-dimethylformamide (5mL) was added O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (141 mg, 0.37 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 45minutes and then methyl 3-aminopropionate hydrochloride (51.1 mg, 0.37mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (128 mg, 0.988 mmol) were added. Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Themixture was diluted with saturated ammonium chloride, and the layerswere separated. The organic layer was washed with water, dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude residue wasdissolved in water (5 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (5 mL). 2N lithiumhydroxide (330 μL, 0.66 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The mixture was neutralized with 1Nhydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layerwas dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purificationby HPLC (column: Boston Analytics Symmetrix ODS-H 150×30 mm, 5 μm;modifier: formic acid 0.225%; gradient: 47 to 67% acetonitrile in water)gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (90 mg) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.71 (s,1H), 7.98 (m, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.71-7.69 (m, 3H), 7.42-7.35 (m, 3H),5.33-5.30 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.51 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.92 (m,1H), 1.79-1.73 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.34 (m, 1H), 0.90 (t,3H). MS (M+1): 477.5.

Example 87 (+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 86 using Intermediate (50). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.43(s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H), 7.80-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.55 (m,1H), 7.47-7.44 (m, 3H), 5.44-5.41 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.57 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.58(m, 2H), 2.06-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.55 (m, 1H),1.47-1.43 (m, 1H), 1.00-0.96 (m, 3H). MS (M+1): 477.2.

Example 88(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

Step A: 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole

A mixture of (4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (8.0 g, 0.046 mol)and 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane (8.3 g, 0.05 mol) in ethanol (120 mL)was heated to reflux for 1 hour. The reaction was then cooled to roomtemperature and concentrated. The residue was diluted with saturatedsodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL). The phases wereseparated and the aqueous was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×20 mL).The combined organics were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography gave 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole (7.7 g, 97%) as ayellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.69 (m, 1H), 7.59(d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.43 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H).

Step B: 4-bromo-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole

To a solution of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole (7.2 g, 0.042 mol) intetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was added N-bromosuccinimide (7.3 g, 0.042mol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Thereaction was concentrated and purification by column chromatography gave4-bromo-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole (8.9 g, 84%) as a white solid.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.8Hz, 2H), 6.97 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H).

Step C: 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde

To a −78° C. solution of 4-bromo-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole (506mg, 2.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was addedn-butyllithium in hexane (0.95 mL, 2.4 mmol). The reaction was stirredfor 2 h at −78° C. N,N-dimethylformamide (292 mg, 4 mmol) was added andthe reaction continued to stir at −78° C. for 1 h, then at roomtemperature for 2 h. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammoniumchloride (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×30 mL). Thecombined organics were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography gave 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (80mg, 20%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 9.95 (s, 1H), 8.33(s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H),3.86 (s, 3H).

Step D: 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile

To a mixture of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (80 mg,0.54 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) and ammonium hydroxide (3 mL) wasadded iodine (138 mg, 0.54 mmol). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 5 hours. The reaction was diluted with saturated sodiumthiosulphate (5 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). Thecombined organics were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate,filtered and concentrated to give1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (78 mg, 100%) as a yellowsolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d,J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H).

Step E: 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile

To a solution of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (115 mg,0.575 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added boron tribromide (431mg, 1.73 mmol) at −10° C. The reaction was then warmed to roomtemperature and stirred for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched withmethanol (0.5 mL) and water (5 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate(3×15 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (15 mL), driedover sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (46 mg, 43%) as a yellowsolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 9.89 (s, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s,1H), 7.62 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H).

Step F:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 77 using Intermediate (48),1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile, triphenylphosphine, anddiethylazodicarboxylate. Analytical LCMS: retention time 1.310 minutes(Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrile lineargradient to 5% water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5%water/acetonitrile to 5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier;flow rate 2.0 mL/minute); MS (M+1): 433.2.

Example 89(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-methyl4-(1-(4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate

Intermediate (27) (111 mg, 0.271 mmol) was combined with4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazole (39.4 mg, 0.323 mmol), copper(I) iodide(2.7 mg, 0.014 mmol), potassium carbonate (78.6 mg, 0.569 mmol),trans-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (9.0 μL, 0.054 mmol), and toluene(2 mL). The reaction was refluxed for 16 hours, then cooled to roomtemperature, and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water/ammoniumhydroxide. The organic layer was washed with 0.5N HCl and brine, driedover magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification bycolumn chromatography (0-30% ethyl acetate in heptane) gave (+/−)-methyl4-(1-(4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate(0.056 g, 51%) as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.01 (d,J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.48 (m, 5H), 6.84 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 5.15 (dd,J=7.6, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.74 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.58 (t, J=6.1Hz, 2H), 1.94-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.90 (m, 5H), 1.37-1.56 (m, 2H), 0.96(t, 3H). MS (M+1): 405.2.

Step B:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using methyl4-(1-(4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate.Column: Waters Atlantis C18 4.6×50 mm, 5 μm; Modifier: TFA 0.05%;Gradient: 95% H₂0/5% acetonitrile linear to 5% H₂0/95% acetonitrile over4.0 min, hold at 5% H₂0/95% acetonitrile to 5.0 min. Flow: 2.0 mL/min.;Retention time: 3.39 minutes. MS (M+1): 462.2.

Example 90(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5,6-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazol-2(4H)-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-methyl4-(1-(4-(5,6-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazol-2(4H)-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 89, Step A, using 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyrazolehydrochloride. The product obtained was a 4:1 mixture of regioisomers.¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.01 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.46-7.29 (m, 5H),6.88-6.79 (m, 2H), 5.19-5.11 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.93-2.36 (m, 6H),2.04-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.38 (m, 2H), 0.97 (t, 3H).MS (M+1): 391.3.

Step B:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5,6-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazol-2(4H)-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using methyl4-(1-(4-(5,6-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazol-2(4H)-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.72 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.30 (m, 5H),6.90-6.76 (m, 3H), 5.13 (dd, J=7.5, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.76-3.64 (m, 2H),2.94-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.35 (m, 6H), 2.10-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.74 (m,1H), 1.64-1.36 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, 3H). MS (M+1): 448.4.

Example 91(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

Step A: (+/−)-methyl 4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (27), using Intermediate (55). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃,δ): 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H),7.72-7.64 (m, 3H), 7.44 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H),7.14-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 5.21 (dd, J=7.6, 5.3 Hz, 1H),3.91 (s, 3H), 2.11-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.37 (m, 2H),0.98 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 211.2.

Step B:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(442H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using methyl4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate. Column: Waters AtlantisC18 4.6×50 mm, 5 μm; Modifier: TFA 0.05%; Gradient: 95% H₂0/5%acetonitrile linear to 5% H₂0/95% acetonitrile over 4.0 min, hold at 5%H₂0/95% acetonitrile to 5.0 min. Flow: 2.0 mL/min.; Retention time: 3.23minutes. MS (M+1): 458.2.

Example 92(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 62 using Intermediate (47) and Intermediate (23). ¹HNMR (400MHz, CD₃OD, 6): 8.0 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.37 (d, 2H),6.65 (d, 2H), 4.47 (m, 1H), 3.62 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H),1.89-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.38 (m,1H), 1.00 (m, 3H). MS (M+1): 422.4.

Example 93(+/−)-3-(2-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-ethyl2-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

A vial was charged with Intermediate (14) (180 mg, 0.605 mmol), ethanol(5 mL), ethyl 2-chloropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (115 mg, 0.665 mmol), anddiisopropylamine (156 mg, 1.21 mmol). The resulting mixture was heatedunder microwave irradiation at 100° C. for 20 minutes. The reactionmixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography gave (+/−)-ethyl2-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate(120 mg, 44%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.80 (s, 2H), 8.13 (s, 1H),7.88 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, 2H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 5.97-5.95 (m, 1H), 5.29-5.22(m, 1H), 4.34-4.29 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.66 (m, 2H),1.35-1.32 (m, 3H), 0.99-0.95 (m, 6H).

Step B:(+/−)-3-(2-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamido)propanoicacid

To a solution of ethyl2-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate(120 mg, 0.268 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) was added 1Nlithium hydroxide (0.83 mL, 0.83 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 50°C. overnight. The mixture was neutralized with 1N aqueous hydrochloricacid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved inN,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL).O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (149 mg, 0.393 mmol) was added. The mixture wasstirred for 45 minutes at room temperature. Methyl 3-aminopropionatehydrochloride (54.3 mg, 0.393 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (136 mg,1.05 mmol) were added. The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with aqueous ammoniumchloride and ethyl acetate. The layers were separated and the organiclayer was washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated.

The residue was dissolved in water (5 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (5 mL). 1NLithium hydroxide (0.774 mL, 0.774 mmol) was added. The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was neutralizedwith 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.Purification by HPLC (column: Kromasil Eternity-5-C18 150×30 mm, 5 μm;modifier: formic acid 0.225%; gradient: 36 to 56% acetonitrile in water)gave(+/−)-3-(2-(3-methyl-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)butylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamido)propanoicacid (50 mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 2H),7.96 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 2H), 7.53 (d, 2H), 5.27-5.21 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.53(m, 2H), 2.68-2.53 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.68 (m, 1H),1.68-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.06-0.91 (m, 6H). MS (M+1): 491.4.

Example 94(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 1 using Intermediate (31) and Intermediate (32). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.54 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=2.73 Hz, 1H),7.69 (d, J=8.19 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=8.97 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=8.19 Hz,2H), 7.01-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J=8.88, 2.83 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (d, J=8.58Hz, 1H), 3.77-3.66 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.12 (m, 1H),2.00-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.16 (m, 7H). MS (M+1): 502.2.

Example 953-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)prpanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, the compound of Example 94, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H.Dimensions: 4.6 mm×25 cm. Mobile Phase: 80/20 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate:2.5 mL/min. Modifier: 0.2% isopropylamine. Retention time: 3.49 minutes.

Example 96 3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, the compound of Example 94, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H.Dimensions: 4.6 mm×25 cm. Mobile Phase: 80/20 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate:2.5 mL/min. Modifier: 0.2% isopropylamine. Retention time: 4.38 minutes.

Example 973-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, the compound of Example 8, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H.Dimensions: 4.6 mm×25 cm. Mobile Phase: 65/35 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow Rate:2.5 mL/min. Modifier: none. Retention time: 3.92 minutes.

Example 983-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, the compound of Example 8, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H.Dimensions: 4.6 mm×25 cm. Mobile Phase: 65/35 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow Rate:2.5 mL/min. Modifier: none. Retention time: 4.91 minutes.

Example 99(+/−)-3-(2-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-methyl6-(cyclohexyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinate

A round bottom flask equipped with a condenser was charged withIntermediate (2) (230 mg, 0.958 mmol) and 2-methyl-2-propane-sulfinamide(120 mg, 0.958 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL). Titanium(IV) ethoxide(437 mg, 1.92 mmol) was added in one portion and the mixture was stirredat reflux for 2 hours. Then methanol (1.5 mL) and saturated sodiumbicarbonate (1.5 mL) were added to the reaction. A precipitate formed.The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and the slurry was filteredthrough celite, rinsing with ethyl acetate. The organics were dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give(E)-N-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(290 mg, 0.845 mmol).

This crude residue was diluted in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) and cooled to78° C. Cyclohexyl magnesium chloride (1.27 mL, 2M in diethyl ether, 2.54mmol) was then added dropwise. The reaction mixture was warmed to roomtemperature and stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was quenched withsaturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted three times with ethylacetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried oversodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material wasdissolved in methanol (4.2 mL). Hydrogen chloride (4M in dioxane) wasadded. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Thereaction was then concentrated. To this crude residue was addedN,N-dimethylformamide (1 mL), methyl 6-fluoronicotinate (155 mg, 1.0mmol) and potassium carbonate (207 mg, 1.5 mmol). The reaction washeated to 120° C. for 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with water andextracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layerswere washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-45% ethyl acetatein heptane) gave (+/−)-methyl6-(cyclohexyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.69 (d, J=1.56 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H),7.93-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.33 (m, 2H), 6.16 (d, J=8.78Hz, 1H), 5.67-5.51 (m, 1H), 4.61-4.41 (m, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 1.94-0.98(m, 11H). MS (M+1): 459.1.

Step B: (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(2-(cyclohexyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate

Lithium hydroxide (800 mg) was added to a solution of methyl6-(cyclohexyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinate(129 mg, 0.281 mmol) in methanol (1.67 mL), tetrahydrofuran (1.67 mL),and water (1.67 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4hours. The mixture was acidified with 4N hydrochloric acid and extractedwith three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers werewashed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.

To the crude acid was added N,N-dimethylformamide (2 mL), tert-butyl3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (94.1 mg, 0.518 mmol),O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate) (197 mg, 0.518 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine(251 μL, 1.44 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight and was then concentrated. Purification by columnchromatography (0-45% ethyl acetate in heptane), gave (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(2-(cyclohexyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.49-8.40 (m, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H),7.85 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.41 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d,J=8.41 Hz, 2H), 6.73-6.58 (m, 1H), 6.24-6.10 (m, 1H), 5.58-5.41 (m, 1H),4.57-4.38 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.08-0.95 (m,11H), 1.41 (s, 9H). MS (M+1): 572.3.

Step C:(+/−)-3-(2-(cyclohexyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid

Trifluoroacetic acid (0.30 mL) was added to a solution of tert-butyl3-(2-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-yl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate(30 mg, 0.052 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.4 mL). The mixture was stirredat room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated and theresidue was co-evaporated with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate andtoluene several times, to give(+/−)-3-(2-(cyclohexyl(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 9.81 (br. s, 1H), 8.94(br. s, 1H), 8.31-8.21 (m, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d,J=8.58 Hz, 2H), 7.61-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 2H), 6.70-6.58(m, 1H), 4.29-4.17 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.53 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.65 (m, 2H),2.00-0.91 (m, 11H). MS (M+1): 516.2.

Example 100(+/−)-3-(4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

Step A: (+/−)-methyl4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate

To a solution of Intermediate (43) (220 mg, 0.939 mmol) and Intermediate(6) (214 mg, 0.939 mmol) in methanol (48 mL) was added decaborane (57.3mg, 0.469 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purification bypreparative TLC gave methyl4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate(50 mg, 12%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, 2H),7.71 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.01 (d, 1H), 6.78-6.75 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.34(m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 1.71-1.68 (m, 2H), 0.95 (s, 9H).

Step B:(+/−)-3-(4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

To a solution of methyl4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate(50 mg, 0.11 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) was added 2N lithiumhydroxide (5 mL, 10 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 70° C. for12 hours. The mixture was adjusted to pH=2 by addition of 1N aqueoushydrochloric acid and the resulting solution extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated. The residue was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL).O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (70.0 mg, 0.184 mmol) was added and the solutionstirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Methyl 3-aminopropionatehydrochloride (19.3 mg, 0.138 mmol) was added followed bydiisopropylamine (47.6 mg, 0.37 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 hour. Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride wasadded and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organiclayer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Theresidue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) and 2N Lithium hydroxide(4 mL, 8 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 1 hour. 1N Aqueous hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH=2and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer wasdried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification byHPLC (column: Boston Analytics Symmetrix ODS-H 150×30 mm, 5 μm;modifier: formic acid 0.225%; gradient: 39 to 59% acetonitrile in water)gave(+/−)-3-(4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid (22.7 mg, 41%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.21 (s, 1H),8.01 (s, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.36 (d, 2H), 7.26 (d, 1H),6.94 (m, 1H), 4.48-4.45 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.48 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.49 (m, 2H),1.81-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.53 (m, 1H), 0.94 (s, 9H). MS (M+1): 504.3.

Example 101(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 100 using Intermediate (44) and Intermediate (32). ¹HNMR(400 MHz, CD₃OD, 6): 8.64 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.74-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.55(d, 1H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.04 (m, 1H), 4.19 (m, 1H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 2.60(m, 2H), 2.07-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.43-1.40 (m, 1H),1.30-1.04 (m, 5H). MS (M+1): 516.2.

Example 102(+/−)-3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoicacid

Step A: 5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Intermediate (6) using 4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole and2-chloro-3-methyl-5-nitropyridine. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.21 (s,1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.85(s, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H).

Step B: methyl6((5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylimino)methyl)nicotinate

A mixture of methyl 6-formylnicotinate (251.3 mg, 1.52 mmol) and5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine (369 mg,1.52 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) was heated at reflux under nitrogenovernight. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give methyl6-((5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylimino)methyl)nicotinate(592 mg, 100%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, (CD₃)₂SO, δ): 9.09 (d, 1H), 8.83 (s,1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.35-8.30 (m, 2H), 8.20-8.17 (m, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H),7.90 (d, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H).

Step C: (+/−)-methyl6-(3-methyl-1-(5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)nicotinate

To a 0° C. solution of methyl6-((5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylimino)methyl)nicotinate(592 mg, 1.52 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (8 mL) was addedisobutylmagnesium bromide (1.0 mL, 2.0M in THF, 2.0 mmol). The reactionmixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 3 hours.Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) was added and the mixtureextracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine,dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification bypreparative TLC gave methyl6-(3-methyl-1-(5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)nicotinate(250 mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 9.18-9.17 (m, 1H), 8.26-8.23 (m,1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.38 (m, 1H),6.79-6.78 (m, 1H), 4.65-4.58 (m, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H),1.78-1.66 (m, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.96 (d, 3H).

Step D:(+/−)-3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 100 step B using methyl6-(3-methyl-1-(5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)nicotinate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.91 (d, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.11 (m,1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.64 (d, 1H), 7.55-7.53 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.89 (m,1H), 4.63-4.60 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.59 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s,3H), 1.81-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.97 (d, 3H).MS (M+1): 505.3.

Example 1033-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Step A:4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 1 using Intermediate (5) and Intermediate (52). MS (M−1):402.0.

Step B: ethyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomers 1 and 2

To a mixture of ethyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (418 mg, 2.72mmol),4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzoicacid (732 mg, 1.82 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (292 mg, 1.91mmol), and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.20 mL, 7.26 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (18.2 mL) was added 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (557 mg, 2.90 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 48 hoursat ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and thecrude material was purified by column chromatography (0-100% ethylacetate in heptane) to afford racemic ethyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(684 mg, 85%) as a solid. The racemate was further purified via chiralSFC to afford 300 mg of Isomer 1 and 300 mg of Isomer 2, which were usedin conversion to the final enatiopure products. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃,δ): 7.94 (q, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.39(d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 6.53(d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.42-4.34 (m, 1H), 4.31 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (q,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (q, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 1.88-1.71(m, 2H), 1.53-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.27 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (t, J=7.3 Hz,3H). Chiral SFC: Chiralpak AD-H, 10×250 mm; Mobile Phase 65:35CO₂/methanol, 65 mL/min, Retention time: 3.95 min (Isomer 1), 6.81 min(Isomer 2).

Step C:3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Isomer 1 of ethyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(0.300 g, 0.597 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (8.0 mL) andtetrahydrofuran (4.2 mL) and treated with 2N aqueous lithium hydroxide(4.2 mL, 8.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4hours. The crude reaction mixture was concentrated and the residualsolid was dissolved in water and acidified to pH=4 with 1.0M aqueoushydrochloric acid. A brown precipitate formed. The precipitate wascollected by filtration, washed with water, and dried in vacuo to afford3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 (0.220 g, 78%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ):7.91 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=6.8 Hz,2H), 7.27 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.03-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.60-6.42 (m, 2H), 4.33(t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (s, 2H), 2.72-2.54 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.65 (m, 2H),1.51-1.22 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 475.2.

Example 1043-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 103 using Isomer 2 of ethyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.03-6.88 (m,1H), 6.60-6.42 (m, 2H), 4.33 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (s, 2H), 2.72-2.54(m, 2H), 1.87-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.22 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).MS (M+1): 475.2.

Example 105(+/−)-3-(4-(3-methyl-1-(5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 62, using Intermediate (58) and5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine (Step Aof Example 102). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H),7.77 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (dd, J=2.0,8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.54-4.58 (m, 1H), 3.61 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 2H),2.60-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.08 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 3H), 1.72-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.61(m, 1H), 0.97-1.04 (m, 6H). MS (M+1): 504.3.

Example 106(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclobutyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 100, using Intermediate (59) and Intermediate (32). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃, 6): 8.66 (s, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H),7.75 (s, 2H), 7.58 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (s,1H), 7.05 (dd, J=2.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (t,J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.59-2.68 (m, 3H), 2.24 (s, 1H), 1.75-2.00 (m, 5H). MS(M+1): 510.2.

Example 107(+/−)-3-(4-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)ethyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 100, using Intermediate (60) and Intermediate (32). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.61 (s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.54(d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H),4.48-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.55 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),1.78-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.61 (m, 1H), 0.67-0.79 (m, 1H), 0.31-0.49 (m,2H), 0.00-0.14 (m, 2H). MS (M+1) 488.4.

Example 108(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 86, using Intermediate (61). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ):8.23 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 7.16 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H),5.36-5.39 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.64 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.06 (s, 3H),1.98-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.86 (m, 1H) 1.54-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.51 (m,1H), 0.97-1.01 (m, 3H). MS (M+1) 490.4.

Example 1093-(3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Step A: (+/−)-methyl3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate

Decaborane (65.4 mg, 0.535 mmol) was added to a solution of Intermediate(32) (244 mg, 1.07 mmol) and Intermediate (62) (240 mg, 1.07 mmol) inmethanol (8 mL). The reaction was heated to 60° C. for 24 hours. Thereaction was cooled to 35° C. and stirred for another 24 hours. Thereaction was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography togive (+/−)-methyl3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate(400 mg, 86%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.55 (s, 1H),7.60-7.90 (m, 5H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J=8.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H),4.64-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.16 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.98 (m,2H), 1.21-1.45 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Step B: methyl3-(3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate.Isomers 1 and 2

2 N Aqueous lithium hydroxide (15 mL, 30 mmol) was added to (+/−)-methyl3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate(400 mg, 0.9 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL). The reaction was heatedto 80° C. for 12 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature andacidified to pH ˜2 with 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid. The mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL) and the combined organics weredried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give a yellowsolid (380 mg). The solid was taken up in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL)and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (1.86 g, 4.88 mmol) was added. The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Methyl 3-aminopropanoatehydrochloride (511 mg, 3.66 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.26 g,9.76 mmol) were added, and the reaction was stirred for 1 hour. Thereaction was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride andextracted with ethyl acetate (3×30 mL). The combined organics were driedover sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flashcolumn chromatography gave racemic methyl3-(3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(450 mg, 96%) as a yellow solid. The racemate was further purified viachiral SFC to afford 180 mg of Isomer 1 and 150 mg of Isomer 2, whichwere used in conversion to the final enantiopure products. Chiral SFC:Chiralpak AD-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA. Gradient: 95%CO₂/5% ethanol linear to 60% CO₂/40% ethanol over 3.0 minutes. Flow: 4mL/min. Retention time: 1.44 minutes (Isomer 1), 1.75 minutes (Isomer2).

Step C:3-(3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

To a solution of Isomer 1 of methyl3-(3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(180 mg, 0.36 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (8 mL) was added 2 N aqueouslithium hydroxide (8 mL, 16 mmol). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was acidified to pH ˜2 with1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×5 mL).The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated to give3-(3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 1 (104 mg, 59%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.57 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.8Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H),4.66 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),1.65-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.49 (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)494.2. Chiral SFC: Chiralpak AD-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA.Gradient: 95% CO₂/5% ethanol linear to 60% CO₂/40% ethanol over 3.0minutes. Flow: 4 mL/min. Retention time: 1.74 minutes, 100% ee (Isomer1).

Example 1103-(3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 109, using Isomer 2 of methyl3-(3-fluoro-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoatein Step C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.57 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.63(s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.38 (m, 1H),6.94 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H),2.50 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.67-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.48 (m, 2H), 0.89 (t,J=7.6 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1) 494.2. Chiral SFC: Chiralpak AD-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA. Gradient: 95% CO₂/5% ethanol linear to 60%CO₂/40% ethanol over 3.0 minutes. Flow: 4 mL/min. Retention time: 1.42minutes, 99% ee (Isomer 2).

Example 1113-(3-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Step A: methyl3-(3-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomers 1 and 2

The title compounds were prepared by a method analogous to thatdescribed in Steps A-B of Example 109, using Intermediate (63).Purification of racemic methyl3-(3-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate via chiral SFC afforded 140 mg of Isomer 1 and 140 mg ofIsomer 2, which were used in conversion to the final enantiopureproducts. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.60 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H),7.59-7.66 (m, 3H), 7.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),6.75-6.82 (m, 2H), 4.56-4.61 (m, 1H), 4.26 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.66-3.72(m, 5H), 2.64 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 1.73-1.78 (m, 2H),1.40-1.57 (m, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). Chiral SFC: Chiralpak AD-2,30×50 mm, 3 μm. Modifier: none. Mobile Phase: 60/40 CO₂/ethanol. Flowrate: 80 mL/min. Retention time: 1.46 minutes (Isomer 1) and 2.13minutes (Isomer 2).

Step B:3-(3-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step C of Example 109, using Isomer 1 of methyl3-(3-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.65 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=2.8Hz, 2H), 7.53-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J=8.8, 2.8Hz, 1H), 4.60-4.64 (m, 1H), 3.58 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=7.0 Hz,2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.51 (m,1H), 0.99 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1) 490.1. Chiral SFC: Chiralpak AD-H,4.6×250 mm, 5 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA. Mobile Phase: 75/25 CO₂/ethanol.Flow rate: 35 mL/min. Retention time: 3.92 minutes, 99.9% ee (Isomer 1).

Example 1123-(3-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 111, using Isomer 2 of methyl3-(3-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.65 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=2.8Hz, 2H), 7.53-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J=8.8, 2.8Hz, 1H), 4.60-4.64 (m, 1H), 3.58 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=7.0 Hz,2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.51 (m,1H), 0.99 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1) 490.1. Chiral SFC: Chiralpak AD-H,4.6×250 mm, 5 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA. Mobile Phase: 75/25 CO₂/ethanol.Flow rate: 35 mL/min. Retention time: 5.38 minutes, 99.7% ee (Isomer 2).

Example 1133-(4-(1-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Step A: methyl3-(4-(1-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 and 2

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step A of Example 62, using Intermediate (64). Purification ofracemic methyl3-(4-(1-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoatevia chiral SFC afforded 400 mg of Isomer 1 and 420 mg of Isomer 2, whichwere used in conversion to the final enantiopure products. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 2H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.52 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H),3.63 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.75-1.99 (m, 2H),1.39-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). Chiral SFC: Chiralpak AD,50×250 mm, 10 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA. Mobile Phase: 70/30 CO₂/methanol.Flow rate: 200 mL/min. Retention time: 8.65 minutes (Isomer 1) and 10.5minutes (Isomer 2).

Step B:3-(4-(1-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 1

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step C of Example 109, using Isomer 2 of methyl3-(4-(1-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.73 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 2H), 7.89 (s, 1H),7.68 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H),3.50 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.52 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.67-1.82 (m, 2H),1.20-1.50 (m, 2H), 0.87 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1) 477.2. Chiral SFC:Chiralpak AD-3, 4.6×150 mm, 3 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA. Gradient: 95%CO₂/5% methanol linear to 60% CO₂/40% methanol over 16.0 minutes. Flowrate: 2.5 mL/min. Retention time: 7.69 minutes, 99.8% ee (Isomer 1).

Example 1143(4((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Step A: (+/−)-ethyl4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step A of Example 1, using Intermediate (65) and Intermediate (32).¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.54 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=8.00 Hz, 2H), 7.72(s, 1H), 7.55-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=8.00 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (d, J=8.80 Hz,1H), 4.26-4.31 (m, 2H), 4.14 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H), 2.38-2.43 (m, 1H),1.92-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.67 (m, 3H), 1.30 (t, J=7.20 Hz, 3H), 1.06 (s,3H), 1.01 (s, 3H). MS (M+1) 473.2.

Step B:3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Steps B-C of Example 99, using (+/−)-ethyl4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzoate.Purification of racemic3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid via chiral SFC afforded the single enantiomer product. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.68(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H),6.98-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=8.9, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H),3.72 (q, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.42-2.56 (m, 1H), 1.99(m, 1H), 1.53-1.73 (m, 3H), 1.11 (s, 3H), 1.07 (s, 3H). MS (M+1) 516.1.Chiral SFC: MiniGram-2, 20×250 mm. Modifier: None. Mobile Phase: 60/40CO₂/ethanol. Flow rate: 10.0 mL/min. Retention time: 2.37 minutes(Isomer 1).

Example 1153-(4((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Steps B-C of Example 99, using (+/−)-ethyl4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzoate.Purification of racemic3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid via chiral SFC afforded the single enantiomer product. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.68(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H),6.98-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=8.9, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H),3.72 (q, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.42-2.56 (m, 1H), 1.99(m, 1H), 1.53-1.73 (m, 3H), 1.11 (s, 3H), 1.07 (s, 3H). MS (M+1) 516.1.Chiral SFC: MiniGram-2, 20×250 mm. Modifier: None. Mobile Phase: 60/40CO₂/ethanol. Flow rate: 10.0 mL/min. Retention time: 4.12 minutes(Isomer 2).

Example 1163-(4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3-methylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

Step A: methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3-methylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomers 1 and 2

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Steps A-C of Example 82, using Intermediate (66) in Step A and methyl3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride in Step C. Racemic methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3-methylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoatewas purified via chiral SFC to afford Isomer 1 and Isomer 2, which wereused in conversion to the final enantiopure products. Chiral SFC: BergerMultiGram SFC, Mettler Toledo Co Ltd., OD 30×250 mm, 5 μm. Modifier:none. Mobile Phase: 60/40 CO₂/methanol. Flow rate: 50 mL/min. Retentiontime: 8.89 minutes (Isomer 1) and 9.42 minutes (Isomer 2).

Step B:3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3-methylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step D of Example 82, using Isomer 2 of methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3-methylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.25 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.4 Hz,2H), 7.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz,2H), 7.30-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.13 (m, 1H), 6.92(d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=8.4, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 5.37-5.40 (m, 1H), 3.60(t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.96-2.02 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.86(m, 1H), 1.44-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1) 472.3.Chiral SFC: Chiralpak AD-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA.Gradient: 95% CO₂/5% methanol linear to 60% CO₂/40% methanol over 3minutes. Flow rate: 4 mL/min. Retention time: 1.94 minutes, 96.1% ee(Isomer 2).

Example 1173-(6-(cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Step A:(+/−)-cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanamine

To a solution of Intermediate (67) (300.0 mg, 1.19 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (3 mL) was added cyclohexylmagnesium bromide (1.79 mL,3.58 mmol, 2 M in THF). The reaction vessel was sealed and heated to120° C. in a microwave for 20 minutes. The reaction was cooled to 0° C.and methanol (1 mL) was added, followed by sodium borohydride (90.4 mg,2.39 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes. Thereaction was quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography gave(+/−)-cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanamine(80 mg, 20%) as a brown solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.09 (s, 1H),7.82 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.45 (m, 3H), 3.87 (d, J=8.00 Hz, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H),1.94-1.98 (m, 1H), 0.98-1.85 (m, 10H).

Step B: (+/−)-methyl6-(cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinate

To a solution of(+/−)-cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanamine(80.0 mg, 0.237 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (3 mL) was added methyl6-fluoronicotinate (55.2 mg, 0.356 mmol) and potassium carbonate (98.4mg, 0.712 mmol). The reaction was heated to 110° C. and stirredovernight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted withwater, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×5 mL). The combined organicswere dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purificationby flash column chromatography gave (+/−)-methyl6-(cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinate(20 mg, 15%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.63 (s,1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.33-7.36 (m, 1H),7.25 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.03 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.39 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H),4.74 (m, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 1.85-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.72(m, 5H), 1.05-1.19 (m, 5H).

Step C: methyl3-(6-(cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate,Isomers 1 and 2

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Steps B-C of Example 82, using (+/−)-methyl6-(cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinatein Step B and methyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride in Step C. Racemicmethyl3-(6-(cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoatewas purified by chiral SFC to afford Isomer 1 and Isomer 2, which wereused in conversion to the final enantiopure products. Chiral SFC:Chiralpak AD-H, 4.6×250 mm, 5 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA. Mobile Phase:60/40 CO₂/ethanol. Flow: 2.35 mL/min. Retention time: 5.19 minutes(Isomer 1) and 7.83 minutes (Isomer 2).

Step D:3-(6-(cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step D of Example 82, using Isomer 1 of methyl3-(6-(cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H),7.72-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 6.49 (d, 1H), 5.08(d, 1H), 3.55 (t, 2H), 2.56-2.60 (m, 5H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.79 (m,4H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.00-1.35 (m, 5H). MS (M+1) 530.1. Chiral SFC:Chiralpak AD-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA. Mobile Phase:60/40 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow: 4 mL/min. Retention time: 0.78 minutes,99.7% ee (Isomer 1).

Example 1183-(6-(cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step D of Example 82, using Isomer 2 of methyl3-(6-(cyclohexyl(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H),7.72-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 6.49 (d, 1H), 5.08(d, 1H), 3.55 (t, 2H), 2.56-2.60 (m, 5H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.79 (m,4H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.00-1.35 (m, 5H). MS (M+1) 530.1. Chiral SFC:Chiralpak AD-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA. Mobile Phase:60/40 CO₂/2-propanol. Flow: 4 mL/min. Retention time: 1.46 minutes, 100%ee (Isomer 2).

Example 119(+/−)-3-(4-((4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 86, using Intermediate (55) and Intermediate (68), andheating the reaction in toluene to 110° C. for 18 hours in Step A. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.64 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (dd,J=9.2, 2.8 Hz, 3H), 7.70 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.38(t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, 2H), 5.24 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 3.67 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.99-2.10 (m,1H), 1.62-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.49-1.56 (m, 2H). MS (M+1) 484.4.

Example 1203-(4-((6-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 1

Step A: ethyl4-((6-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step A of Example 1, using Intermediate (31) and Intermediate (69).¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.11 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.4 Hz,2H), 7.80 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J=8.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (q,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 2.21-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.03-2.11 (m,1H), 1.68-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.48-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.45 (m, 5H).

Step B:3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Example 65, Steps B-C, using ethyl4-((6-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzoate. Racemic3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid was resolved by chiral SFC to afford thesingle enantiomer product. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 7.99 (d, J=1.2Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.47 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (dd,J=8.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.09 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.50(t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.63 (m,3H), 1.37-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.28 (m, 2H). MS (M+1) 468.1. Chiral SFC:Chiralcel AD-3, 4.6×50 mm, 3 μm. Modifier: 0.05% DEA. Mobile Phase:40/60 CO₂/methanol. Flow rate: 3 mL/min. Retention time: 0.81 minutes,100% ee (Isomer 1).

Example 121(+/−)-3-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)ethyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A:(+/−)-N-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

A solution of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (253 mg, 1.00mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Added Intermediate(6) (228 mg, 1.00 mmol), titanium(IV) isopropoxide (1.1 g, 4.0 mmol),and diisopropylethylamine (0.7 mL, 4 mmol). The reaction was warmed to30° C. and stirred for 18 hours. The reaction was cooled to 0° C. andsodium borohydride (80 mg, 2 mmol) was added. The reaction was allowedto warm to 30° C. and stir for 2 hours. The reaction was concentratedand purification by flash column chromatography gave(+/−)-N-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine(100 mg, 21%) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.84(d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.11 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J=6.0, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (m,1H).

Step B:(+/−)-3-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)ethyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

A mixture of(+/−)-N-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine(100 mg, 0.2 mmol), ethyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (90 mg, 0.6mmol), molybdenum hexacarbonyl (57 mg, 0.21 mmol),1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (165 mg, 1.07 mmol), palladium(II)acetate (2.4 mg, 0.01 mmol), and tri-tert-butylphosphinetetrafluoroborate (9.4 mg, 0.03 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL) was heatedto 170° C. for 5 minutes in a microwave. The reaction was diluted withwater (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×20 mL). The combinedorganics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Theresidue (40 mg) was taken up in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) and cooled to 0°C. 2 N Aqueous lithium hydroxide (0.4 mL, 0.8 mmol) was added and themixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 1 hour. ThepH was adjusted to 4 with 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid. The mixture wasextracted with dichloromethane (2×20 mL). The combined organics werewashed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC gave(+/−)-3-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)ethyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (12 mg, 31%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.29 (s,1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.58(d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J=2.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H),5.40 (m, 1H), 3.51 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.53 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). MS (M+1)502.0.

Example 1223-(4-((6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

To a 0° C. solution of Intermediate (68) (5 g, 20 mmol) in anhydrousdichloromethane (30 mL) was added triethylamine (6 g, 60 mmol) andmethanesulfonyl chloride (2.54 g, 22 mmol). The solution was stirred at20° C. for 4 h. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted withethyl acetate (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure toafford crude ethyl 4-(cyclopentyl(methylsulfonyloxy)methyl)benzoate (6g) as a yellow oil. To a solution of crude ethyl4-(cyclopentyl(methylsulfonyloxy)methyl)benzoate (1.43 g, 4.58 mmol) andIntermediate (73) (900 mg, 3.92 mmol) in acetonitrile (15 mL) was addedpotassium carbonate (1.15 g, 8.33 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80°C. for 12 h. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted withethyl acetate (10 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by silicagel chromatography gave impure ethyl4-((6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzoate(250 mg) as a colorless solid, which was dissolved in THF (8 mL). 8 mL2N aqueous lithium hydroxide was added. The mixture was refluxed for 2h. The mixture was adjusted to pH 1-2 by addition of 1N aqueous HCl andextracted with ethyl acetate (5 mL×3). The combined organic layers weredried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give ayellow solid which was dissolved in DMF (5 mL). HATU (425.7 mg, 1.12mmol) was added. After 30 min methyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride(116.13 mg, 0.84 mmol) was added followed by addition ofdiisopropylethelamine (361.78 mg, 2.8 mmol). The resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was dilutedwith saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with ethylacetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow solid which wasdissolved in THF (5 mL). 5 mL 2N aqueous lithium hydroxide was added.The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h. The mixture was adjusted topH 1-2 by addition of 1N aqueous HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (5mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure. HPLC purification using a KromasilEternity-5-C₁₈ 150×30 mm×5 μm column eluting with 23 to 43% acetonitrilein water (0.225% formic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-((6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (34 mg) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.96 (s,1H), 8.46-8.50 (m, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H),7.66 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H),7.07 (dd, J=8.8, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.59-3.63 (m, 2H),2.60-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.24 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.65 (m,3H), 1.55-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.49 (m, 11H). MS (M+1)=490.2

Example 1233-(4-(cyclopentyl(6-(4-isopropyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared using a method analogous to thatdescribe in Example 122, starting from Intermediate (76) andIntermediate (68). Colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.23 (d,J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz,2H), 7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=8.8 Hz,J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.60-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.02 (m,1H), 2.61-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.62(m, 3H), 1.59-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.30 (m, 1H), 1.36 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H).MS (M+1)=476.3.

Example 124 3-(4-(1-(4-(2-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Step A:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

Racemic 3-(4-(1-(4-(2-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid was prepared using a method analogous to that described for Example86 using Intermediate 55 and ethyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate (preparedas described in preparation of Intermediate 5). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD)δ 8.57 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.73-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.63 (d,J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.32-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.01 (m,3H), 5.39-5.36 (m, 1H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 2.60 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.99 (m, 1H),1.86-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.45 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS(M+1)=458.2

Step B: 3-(4-(1-(4-(2-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Racemic 3-(4-(1-(4-(2-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid was resolved by SFC (Column: OJ 300×50 mm×10 μm; Eluent: 60:40CO₂:methanol; Flow rate: 200 mL/min; Modifier: none) to provide3-(4-(1-(4-(2-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid,Isomer 1 (retention time: 1.38 min) and3-(4-(1-(4-(2-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid,Isomer 2 (retention time 0.75 min) as colorless solids. Spectral datafor isomer 1: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.57 (s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.4 Hz,2H), 7.73-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.63 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),7.32-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.01 (m, 3H), 5.39-5.36 (m, 1H), 3.59 (m, 2H),2.60 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.45 (m, 2H),0.98 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=458.2

Example 1253-(4-(1-(4-(7-methyl-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido) propanoicacid

A suspension of Intermediate (77) (300 mg, 0.795 mmol), 7-methylindazole(126 mg, 0.954 mmol), copper(I) iodide (7.5 mg, 0.0397 mmol), K₃PO₄ (354mg, 1.67 mmol) and N,N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (22.7 mg 0.159mmol) in toluene (3 mL) was stirred at 48 h at 110° C. under a nitrogenatmosphere. The mixture was concentrated and the residue purified bypreparative TLC to give 110 mg impure ethyl4-(1-(4-(7-methyl-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate as an oil. Thismaterial was dissolved in THF (5 mL). 5 mL aqueous 2N sodium hydroxidewas added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. overnight. Themixture was acidified to pH 3 by addition of 1N aqueous HCl. The mixturewas extracted with ethyl acetate (3×5 mL). The combined organic layerswere dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was dissolved in DMF (2 mL). HATU (128.3 mg, 1.95mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 20 min. Methyl3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (46.8 mg, 0.338 mmol), anddiisopropylethylamine (145.4 mg, 1.125 mmol) were added. The resultingmixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The mixture waspoured into water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×15 mL).The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas dissolved in THF (5 mL). 5 mL 2N aqueous lithium hydroxide wasadded. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h.The mixture was adjusted to pH 5 by addition of 1N aqueous HCl. Themixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×10 mL). The combined organiclayers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure. Preparative HPLC purification using a Kromasil Eternity-5-C₁₈150×30 mm×5 μm column eluting with 52 to 68% acetonitrile in water(0.225% formic acid modifier) gave3-(4-(1-(4-(7-methyl-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (19.1 mg) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.46 (s,1H), 7.76 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.51 (m, 3H),7.04-6.94 (m, 4H), 5.32-5.35 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.61 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.62 (m,2H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 2.01-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.53 (m,1H), 1.46-1.42 (m, 1H), 0.96 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=472.1.

Example 1263-(4-(1-(4-(6-methyl-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido) propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared using a method analogous to thatdescribed for Example 125 using Intermediate (77) and 6-methylindazole.Colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.47 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.77(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.47(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (dd,J=8.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.33-5.36 (m, 1H), 3.56-5.59 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.54 (m,2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.52 (m,1H), 1.50-1.42 (m, 1H), 0.97 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=472.4.

Example 1273-(4-(1-(4-(4-methyl-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido) propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared using a method analogous to thatdescribed for Example 126 using Intermediate (77) and 4-methylindazole.Colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD) δ 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.8Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.8, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.35-5.38 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.61 (m, 2H), 2.59-2.62 (m, 2H),2.54 (s, 3H), 2.02-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.55 (m, 1H),1.48-1.44 (m, 1H), 0.98 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=472.1.

Example 1283-(4-(1-(4-(5-methyl-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido) propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared using a method analogous to thatdescribed in Example 126 using Intermediate (77) and 5-methylindazole.Colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.44-7.52 (m, 4H), 7.15 (dd, J=8.8, 1.2Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.33-5.36 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.60 (m, 2H),2.53-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.78 (m, 1H),1.61-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.40 (m, 1H), 0.97 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS(M+1)=472.1.

Example 1293-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

To a solution of Intermediate (78) (3.9 g, 27.1 mmol)5-nitro-2-chloropyridine (5.15 g, 32.5 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 mL) wasadded potassium carbonate (7.47 g, 54.2 mmol). The resulting mixture wasstirred at 85° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with water(200 ml), and extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL×4). The combinedorganic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in MeOH (20 mL). 10%Pd/C (800 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred overnight at 35° C.under a 40 psi atmosphere of hydrogen. The reaction mixture was filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow solid. Thesolid was dissolved in methanol (15 mL). Intermediate (23) (3.52 g,12.71 mmol) was added followed by decaborane (776.6 mg, 6.35 mmol). Theresulting mixture was stirred at 35° C. for 72 h. The reaction wasconcentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to give methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(1.1 g) as a yellow solid. The solid was dissolved in THF (8 mL). 8 mL2N aqueous lithium hydroxide was added. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 h. The mixture was acidified to pH 4 with 1 N aqueousHCl, and extracted with ethyl acetate (4×100 mL). The combined organiclayers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. Purification by silicagel chromatography gave racemic3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid as a colorless solid. Resolution of this material by SFC (Column:Chiralcel AD 250×30 mm×20 μm, mobile phase: 45:55 CO₂:methanol, flowrate: 80 mL/min) gave3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 1 (retention time: 2.63 min) and3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2 (retention time 0.85 min). Spectral data for isomer 1: ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=2.4 Hz,1H), 7.78 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 4H), 7.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.40-7.35 (m, 3H),7.26 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd, J=8.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=7.0 Hz,1H), 3.61 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.95-1.86 (m, 1H),1.83-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.56 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.39 (m, 1H), 0.99 (t, J=7.4Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=484.2.

Example 130(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid was prepared using a method analogous to that described in Example86 starting from Intermediate (81) and ethyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate(prepared as described in preparation of Intermediate 5). Colorlesssolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 8.50-8.60 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.81 (m,3H) 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.70 (s, 2H), 5.35-5.38 (m,1H), 3.61-3.64 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.89 (s,6H), 1.87-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.44 (m, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS(M+23)=492.2.

Example 131(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid was prepared using a method analogous to that described in Example86 starting from Intermediate (83) and Intermediate (68). Colorlesssolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.74-7.78 (m, 3H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.49(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.73 (s, 2H), 5.15 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.60-3.63 (m,2H), 2.60-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.38 (m, 1H), 1.92 (s, 6H), 1.89-1.87 (m,1H), 1.67-1.54 (m, 5H), 1.47-1.40 (m, 2H). MS (M+1)=530.2.

Example 132(+/−)-3-(6-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoic acid

(+/−)-3-(6-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)nicotinamido)propanoicacid was prepared using a method analogous to that described for Example102 starting from Intermediate 25 and methyl 6-formylnicotinate usingn-propylmagnesium chloride in Step C. Colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CD₃OD) δ 8.88 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),7.92 (s, 1H), 7.67-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.28-7.25 (m 2H),7.15-7.11 (m 1H), 7.03-7.06 (m, 1H), 4.54-4.58 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.55 (m,1H), 2.52-2.55 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.37 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t,J=6.8 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=485.3.

Example 133(+/−)-3-(6-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

(+/−)-3-(6-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid was prepared using a method analogous to that described in Example86, starting from Intermediate (20) and Intermediate (84). Colorlesssolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H),8.02 (s, 1H), 7.73-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.60 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.43-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.35 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (t, J=7.6 Hz,1H). 5.37-5.40 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.61 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.02(m, 1H), 1.87-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.43 (m, 1H), 0.98(t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=485.2.

Example 1343-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and Example 1353-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

Step A: methyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 and Isomer 2

(+/−)-methyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoatewas prepared using a method analogous to that described in Example 1,using appropriately substituted Intermediates such as Intermediate 6 inStep A and methyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride in Step B. Yellowsolid. (+/−)-methyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoatewas resolved by SFC (column: Chiralpak AS-H 250×4.6 mm×5 μm; mobilephase: 5% to 40% methanol in CO₂; modifier: 0.05% diethylamine; flowrate: 2.35 mL/min) to give methyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (retention time: 8.26 min) and methyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 (retention time: 7.43 min).

Step B:3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

To a solution of methyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (550 mg, 1.10 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added 2N aqueous lithiumhydroxide (5.00 mL, 10 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hat room temperature. The mixture was acidified to pH 3 by addition of 1Naqueous HCl. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×3) Thecombined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to dryness. The crude residue was purified by silicagel chromatography to give3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 (255.8 mg) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,Methanol-d₄) δ 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.76 (m, 3H), 7.48 (d,J=8.40 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H), 4.31(d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (t, J=6.80 Hz, 2H), 2.64-2.55 (m, 3H),2.11-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.16 (s, 3H),1.11 (s, 3H). MS (M+1)=516.1.

Step C:3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

To a solution of methyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 (550 mg, 1.10 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added 2N aqueous lithiumhydroxide (5.00 mL, 10 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hat room temperature. The mixture was acidified to pH 3 by addition of 1Naqueous HCl. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×3) Thecombined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to dryness. The crude residue was purified by silicagel chromatography to give3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2 (255.8 mg) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,Methanol-d₄) δ 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.76 (m, 3H), 7.48 (d,J=8.40 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H), 4.31(d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (t, J=6.80 Hz, 2H), 2.64-2.55 (m, 3H),2.11-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.16 (s, 3H),1.11 (s, 3H). MS (M+1)=516.1.

Example 1363-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and Example 1373-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

Step A: methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 and methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2

To a solution of intermediate (87) (1.2 g, 5.5 mmol) and Intermediate(23) (1.54 g, 5.55 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (15 mL) was addeddecaborane (340 mg, 2.78 mmol). The solution as stirred at 30° C.overnight. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(1.6 g) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.06 (d, J=0.8Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H),7.44-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.01-7.04 (m, 1H), 4.43 (t, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H),3.59-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.61-2.65 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.35 (m,2H), 1.29 (s, 9H), 0.97 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoatewas resolved by SFC (Column: Chiralpak OJ-H 250×4.6 mm×5 μm; mobilephase: 5 to 40% methanol in CO₂; modifier: 0.05% diethylamine; flowrate: 2.35 mL/min) to give methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (retention time 6.43 min) and methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate, Isomer 2 (retention time, 7.37 min).

Step B:3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

To a solution of methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (500 mg, 1.05 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added 2M aqueous lithiumhydroxude (5 mL, 10 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 1 h. The mixture was neutralized with 1N aqueous HCl and extractedwith ethyl acetate (10 mL×3). The combined organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. The crude residue was purified bysilica gel chromatography to give3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 (261.5 mg) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD):δ8.06 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s,1H), 7.46 (m, 3H), 7.03 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (t, 1H), 3.61 (t, J=6.8Hz, 2H), 2.64 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.95-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.35 (m, 2H),1.29 (s, 9H), 0.97 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=464.2

Step C:3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

To a solution of methyl3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 (500 mg, 1.05 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added 2M aqueous lithiumhydroxude (5 mL, 10 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 1 h. The mixture was neutralized with 1N aqueous HCl and extractedwith ethyl acetate (10 mL×3). The combined organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. The crude residue was purified bysilica gel chromatography to give3-(4-(1-(6-(4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2 (271.3 mg) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD):δ8.06 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s,1H), 7.46 (m, 3H), 7.03 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (t, 1H), 3.61 (t, J=6.8Hz, 2H), 2.64 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.95-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.35 (m, 2H),1.29 (s, 9H), 0.97 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=464.2

Example 1383-(4-(cyclobutyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Step A: methyl3-(4-(cyclobutyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1

(+/−)-methyl3-(4-(cyclobutyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoatewas prepared using a method analogous to that described in Example 65,Steps A-B, starting from Intermediate (26) and Intermediate (45).Resolution of the racemic material by SFC (column: Chiralpak AD-3 50×4.6mm×3 μm; mobile phase: gradient 5 to 40% methanol in CO₂; modifier:0.05% diethylamine; flow rate: 2.5 mL/min) gave methyl3-(4-(cyclobutyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (retention time: 5.14 min) and methyl3-(4-(cyclobutyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 (retention time: 5.74 min) as colorless solids. Spectral datafor Isomer 1: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.4 Hz,2H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.73 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.51(s, 2H), 4.97 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.67-3.63 (m, 5H), 2.71-2.65 (m, 1H),2.58-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.91 (m, 3H), 1.91-1.76 (m, 9H).

Step B:3-(4-(cyclobutyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

To a solution of methyl3-(4-(cyclobutyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (450 mg, 0.85 mmol) in THF (4 mL) was added 2N aqueous lithiumhydroxide (4 mL, 8.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 20° C.for 1 h. THF was removed under reduced pressure. The residue wasacidified by addition of 1N aqueous HCl to pH 3-4 and extracted withdichloromethane (20 mL*2). The organic layer was concentrated to give3-(4-(cyclobutyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 (330 mg) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,Methanol-d4) δ 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.35(d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.61 (s, 2H), 5.15 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (t, J=6.8Hz, 2H), 2.70-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.52 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.94 (m, 3H),1.82-1.72 (m, 9H). MS (M+1)=516.1.

Example 139(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(7-chloro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(7-chloro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid was prepared using a method analogous to that described in Example125, starting from Intermediate (77) and 7-chloroindazole. Colorlesssolid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz Methanol-d4) δ 8.67 (s, 1H), 7.74-7.78 (m, 4H)7.66 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),7.01-7.05 (m, 3H), 5.36-5.39 (m, 1H), 3.59 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (t,J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.02-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.53 (m, 1H),1.50-1.44 (m, 1H), 0.98 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=492.2.

Example 140(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5-chloro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(5-chloro-2H-indazol-2-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid was prepared using a method analogous to that described in Example82, starting from Intermediate (88) and ethyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate(prepared as described in preparation of Intermediate 5). Colorlesssolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz,2H), 7.70-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.62 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),7.24 (dd, J=9.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 5.35-5.38 (m, 1H),3.59 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.02-1.98 (m, 1H),1.86-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.44 (m, 1H), 0.97 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=492.2.

Example 141(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid was prepared using a method analogous to that describedin Example 86 starting from Intermediate (83) and ethyl4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate (prepared as described in preparation ofIntermediate 5). Colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.78-7.80(m, 3H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.76 (s, 2H), 5.36-5.39(m, 1H), 3.64 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.65 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.03-1.97 (m,1H), 1.94 (s, 6H), 1.87-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.43 (m, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H). MS (M+1)=504.2.

Example 1423-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and Example 1433-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 2

Step A: (+/−)-methyl6-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butyl)amino)nicotinate

To a 0° C. solution of Intermediate (89) (1.40 mg, 4.67 mmol),Intermediate (90) (1.18 mg, 4.67 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (2.05 mg,7.81 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added di-iso-propyl azodicarboxylate (1.58g, 7.8 mmol). The reaction was allowed to warm to 25° C. and stirredovernight. The mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted withethyl acetate (30 mL×2). The combined organic layers were dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by silica gel chromatography to give (+/−)-methyl6-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butyl)amino)nicotinate(1.10 g) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.95 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H),8.78 (s, 1H), 8.47 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (dd, J=2.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.95(dd, J=2.4, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.86-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),5.95-5.92 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.84 (m, 1H),1.57-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.19 (s, 9H), 0.88 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.79 (d, J=6.8Hz, 3H).

Step B: (+/−)-methyl6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-oyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinate

To a 0° C. solution of (+/−)-methyl6-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butyl)amino)nicotinate(110 mg, 4.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added trifluoroaceticacid (10 mL). The solution was stirred at 20° C. for 2 h. The solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved indichloromethane (20 mL) and washed with water (20 mL). The organic layerwas dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give(+/−)-methyl6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinate(800 mg) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 11.11 (d, J=4.0Hz, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.45 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H),8.17 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.86-7.82 (m, 2H), 6.59(d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.54-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.06-1.97 (m, 1H),1.72-1.58 (m, 2H), 0.96 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.89 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H).

Step C: methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 and methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate,Isomer 2

To a solution of (+/−)-methyl6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinate(800 mg, 1.85 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added 2N aqueous sodiumhydroxide (9.2 mL, 18.4 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 20°C. for 2 h. Methanol was removed under reduced pressure and the residuewas acidified by addition of 1N aqueous HCl to pH 3-4 and extracted withdichloromethane (30 mL×2). The combined organic layers were concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DMF (10 mL). HATU(1.36 mg, 3.58 mmol) and N,N-di-iso-propylethylamine (1.15 mg, 8.95mmol) were added. Methyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (370 mg, 2.68mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 1 h.The mixture was poured into brine (30 mL) and extracted with ethylacetate (30 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with 1Naqueous HCl (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated todryness. The crude residue was purified silica gel chromatography togive (+/−)-methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate(850 mg) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.37 (d,J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 7.87 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.70 (m, 2H),6.52 (s, 1H), 6.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.62-3.58 (m, 5H), 2.54 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 1.77-1.59 (m,3H), 1.75-1.63 (m, 2H), 0.95 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 3H), 0.91 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 3H).

(+/−)-methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoatewas resolved by SFC (column: Chiralpak AD-3, 50×4.6 mm×3 μm; mobilephase: 40% methanol in CO₂; modifier: 0.05% diethylamine; flow rate: 4mL/min) to give methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (450 mg, retention time: 0.62 min) and methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate,isomer 2 (400 mg, retention time: 1.30 min).

Step D:3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

To a solution of methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (450 mg, 0.89 mmol) in THF (4 mL) was added 2N aqueous lithiumhydroxide (4.5 mL, 9.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 20°C. for 1 hour. Methanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas acidified by addition of 1N aqueous HCl to pH 3-4 and extracted withdichloromethane (20 mL*2). The organic layer was concentrated to give3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 (400 mg) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,Methanol-d4) δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.10(dd, J=2.0, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.94-7.90 (m, 3H), 7.01 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H),5.00-4.97 (m, 1H), 3.47 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),1.92-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.63 (m, 2H), 0.90-0.95 (m, 6H). MS (M+1)=491.1.

Step E:3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

To a solution of methyl3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 (400 mg, 0.79 mmol) in THF (4 mL) was added 2N aqueous lithiumhydroxide (4 mL, 8.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 20° C.for 1 h. Methanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residue wasacidified by addition of 1N aqueous HCl to pH 3-4 and extracted withdichloromethane (20 mL×2). The organic layer was concentrated to give3-(6-(3-methyl-1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2 (330 mg) as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,Methanol-d4) δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.10(dd, J=2.0, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.94-7.90 (m, 3H), 7.01 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H),5.00-4.97 (m, 1H), 3.47 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),1.92-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.63 (m, 2H), 0.90-0.95 (m 6H). MS (M+1)=491.1.

Example 144(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid was prepared using a method analogous to that describefor Example 82, starting from Intermediate (93) and ethyl4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate. Colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ7.75 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (s, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 6.64 (s,2H), 5.33-5.30 (m, 1H), 3.59 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),1.98-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.81 (s, 6H), 1.81-1.72 (m, 2H), 159-1.35 (m, 2H),096 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.88-0.84 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.52 (m, 2H). MS(M+1)=476.3.

Example 1453-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 1

(+/−)-methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate was prepared using a method analogous to that described inExample 82, Steps A-C, using Intermediate (81) in Step A and methyl3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride in Step C. (+/−)-methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoatewas resolved by SFC (column: Chiralpak AD-3 50×4.6 mm, 3 μm; mobilephase: gradient elution 5% to 40% methanol in CO₂; modifier: 0.05%diethylamine; flow rate: 4 mL/min) to give methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (retention time: 1.32 min) and methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate, Isomer 2 (retention time: 1.49 min). methyl3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (70.0 mg, 0.145 mmol) was dissolved in THF (1.5 mL). 1N aqueouslithium hydroxide (1.50 mL, 1.50) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred for 1 h at room temperature. The mixture was acidified to pH 3by addition of 1N aqueous HCl. The mixture was extracted with ethylacetate (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with water,brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give3-(4-(1-(4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 (23.9 mg) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,Methanol-d₄) δ 7.77-7.81 (m, 3H) 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H),6.70 (s, 2H), 5.35-5.38 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.64 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.68 (m, 2H),2.00-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.89 (s, 6H), 1.87-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.44 (m, 2H),0.99 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+23)=492.2.

Example 1463-(4-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and Example 1473-(4-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (Example 101) was resolved by SFC (Column: Chiralpak AD-H 25×4.6mm; mobile phase: 25% ethanol in CO₂; modifier: 0.2% isopropylamine;flow rate: 2.5 mL/min) to provide3-(4-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 (retention time: 6.93 min) and3-(4-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 2 (retention time: 9.58 min) as theirisopropylammonium salts. The salts were dissolved in water and the pHadjusted to 3.5 by addition of 1N aqueous HCl. The mixtures wereextracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers were dried over MgSO₄and concentrated to provide3-(4-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and3-(4-(cyclohexyl(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2. Spectral data for Isomer 1: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.58 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.60 (d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.32(d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.82-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.71-6.78 (m, 1H), 4.15 (d, J=6.2Hz, 1H), 3.65-3.73 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.73 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.93 (m, 1H),1.59-1.82 (m, 4H), 1.46-1.56 (m, 1H), 0.94-1.28 (m, 6H). MS (M+H)=516.2.

Example 148(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid was prepared using a method analogous to that described in Example82, starting from Intermediate (95). Colorless solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),6.82-6.91 (m, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 5.12-5.20 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.74 (m, 2H),2.63-2.72 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.84 (s, 6H), 1.71-1.82 (m, 1H),1.34-1.57 (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+H)=505.0.

Example 149(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 82-Steps A and D using Intermediate (105) and Intermediate(96). Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile(0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid. Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.95 minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrile linear gradient to 5%water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5% water/acetonitrile to5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier; flow rate 2.0mL/minute); MS (M+1): 478.2.

Example 150(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 82—Steps A and D using Intermediate (97) and Intermediate(96). Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile(0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(5-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yloxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid. Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.27 minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrile linear gradient to 5%water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5% water/acetonitrile to5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier; flow rate 2.0mL/minute); MS (M+1): 491.2.

Example 151(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclobutyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 82-Steps A and D using Intermediate (98) and Intermediate(26). Purification by reversed-phase HPLC on a Waters Sunfire C₁₈ 19×100mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with a gradient of water in acetonitrile(0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier) gave(+/−)-3-(4-(cyclobutyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid. Analytical LCMS: retention time 3.46 minutes (Atlantis C₁₈ 4.6×50mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrile linear gradient to 5%water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5% water/acetonitrile to5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier; flow rate 2.0mL/minute); MS (M+1): 516.2.

Example 152(+/−)-3-(4((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step (A): ethyl4((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzoate

Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.310 mL, 0.730 mmol) was added dropwiseto a solution of Intermediate 26 (120 mg, 0.490 mmol), Intermediate(100) (128 mg, 0.490 mmol), and tributylphosphine (0.190 mL, 0.760 mmol)in tetrahydrofuran (2.20 mL). After 18 hours, another 0.5 equiv. of bothdiisopropyl azodicarboxylate and tributylphosphine were added. After anadditional 3 h, the reaction was concentrated. The mixture was dilutedwith methylene chloride and acidified with 1 N hydrochloric acid. Themixture was then extracted twice with methylene chloride. The combinedorganic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated to give 1.00 g of crude material. The crude material waspurified by column chromatography (0-8% ethyl acetate in heptanes) gaveethyl4-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzoate(134 mg, 54%) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00 (d, J=8.2 Hz,2H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.57 (s, 2H),5.01 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H),1.88 (s, 6H), 1.87-1.74 (m, 3H), 1.69-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.38 (t, J=7.4 Hz,3H), 1.14 (s, 3H), 1.10 (s, 3H). MS (M+1): 501.4.

Step (B):4-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzoicacid

To a flask containing ethyl4-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzoate(135 mg, 0.270 mmol) was added anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (0.680 mL),methanol (0.680 mL), water (0.680 mL) and sodium hydroxide (55.7 mg,1.35 mmol). After 8 h, the reaction was concentrated and dissolved inethyl acetate and water. 1 N hydrochloric acid was added to pH 3 and themixture was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combinedorganic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated to give4-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzoicacid (110 mg, 86% yield) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.06 (d,J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.58(s, 2H), 5.03 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.80-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.07-1.72 (m, 9H),1.67 (dd, J=8.2, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 1.14 (s, 3H), 1.10 (s, 3H). MS (M+1):473.5.

Step (C): ethyl3-(4-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoate

Tetrahydrofuran (1.2 mL) was added to a vial containing4-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzoicacid (115 mg, 0.240 mmol), ethyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (74.7mg, 0.490 mmol) andO-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (185 mg, 0.490 mmol). Diisopropylethylamine (0.210mL, 1.22 mmol) was then added. The reaction was stirred for 1 h, and wasthen concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-50% ethylacetate in heptane) afforded ethyl3-(4-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoate(110 mg, 39% yield) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.87 (s, 1H),7.71 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.81 (t,J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 2H), 5.00 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (q, J=7.2 Hz,2H), 3.71 (q, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.57-2.74 (m, 3H), 1.87-1.92 (m, 7H),1.80-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.35 (m,3H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 1.10 (s, 3H). MS (M+1): 572.3.

Step (D):(+/−)-3-(4-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

To a flask containing ethyl3-(4-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoate(100 mg, 0.180 mmol) was added water (0.437 mL), tetrahydrofuran (0.437mL), and methanol (0.437 mL). Sodium hydroxide (36.1 mg, 0.880 mmol) wasthen added. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours.The reaction was quenched with 1 N hydrochloric acid to pH 3 andextracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layerswere dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give 108mg of crude material. The crude material was azeotrophed three timeswith toluene and three times with methylene chloride and then dried invacuo for 18 h to provide(+/−)-3-(4-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (99.0 mg, 100%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.88 (s, 1H),7.71 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.76 (t,J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (s, 2H), 5.01 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (q, J=5.9 Hz,2H), 2.74-2.59 (m, 3H), 1.88 (s, 6H), 1.87-1.68 (m, 3H), 1.68-1.58 (m,1H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 1.10 (s, 3H). MS (M+1): 544.3.

Example 153(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step (A): ethyl3-(4-(1-(3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate

Tetrahydrofuran (0.450 mL) was added to azodicarboxylic aciddipiperidine (34.2 mg, 0.130 mmol), Intermediate (96) (26.0 mg, 0.0900mmol) and Intermediate (103) (24.2 mg, 0.0900 mmol). Tributylphosphine(0.035 mL, 0.142 mmol) was added dropwise at room temperature. Another0.450 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 16 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetateand then extracted twice with sodium hydroxide (1 N), once with water,once with hydrochloric acid (1 N), and finally once with brine. Theorganic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated.Purification by column chromatography (0-30% ethyl acetate in heptanes)afforded ethyl3-(4-(1-(3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(39.5 g, 81%) as an oil: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.74(d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (t, J=6.0Hz, 1H), 6.35 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (dd,J=7.7, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.77-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.64 (s,3H), 2.70-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.91 (s, 3H), 1.87-1.72 (m,1H), 1.60-1.36 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.18 (m, 3H), 0.97 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). MS(M+1): 548.4.

Step (B):(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

To a flask containing ethyl3-(4-(1-(3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoate(37.0 mg, 0.0700 mmol) was added tetrahydrofuran (0.170 mL), methanol(0.170 mL), and 1 N sodium hydroxide (0.170 mL, 0.170 mmol) was thenadded. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Thereaction was quenched with 1 N hydrochloric acid to pH 2 and extractedthree times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were driedover sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give crude material.The crude material was azeotrophed three times with methylene chlorideand then dried in vacuo for 18 h to provide(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid (26.0 mg, 74%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.87(s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H),6.88 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.41-6.21 (m, 2H), 5.17 (dd, J=7.7, 5.2 Hz, 1H),3.75-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 2.66 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.93 (m,1H), 1.89 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, J=7.4Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 520.4.

Example 154(+/−)-3-(4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step (A): ethyl4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzoate

To a solution of impure Intermediate (104) (72.0 mg, approximately 0.214mmol pure) and intermediate 6 (61.2 mg, 0.270 mmol) in methanol (0.670ml) was added decaborane (19.7 mg, 0.160 mmol). The reaction was stirredfor 16 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was quenchedwith aqueous 1.0M hydrochloric acid and extracted three times with ethylacetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated. Purification by silica gel flashchromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded impure ethyl4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzoate(30.0 mg, approximately 0.050 mmol pure) as a solid. MS (M+1): 481.1.

Step (B):4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzoicacid

To a flask containing impure ethyl4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzoate(35.0 mg, 0.073 mmol) was added tetrahydrofuran (0.180 mL), methanol(0.180 mL), and 1 N sodium hydroxide (0.180 mL, 0.180 mmol) was thenadded. After 2 h, another 5 equiv. of aqueous sodium hydroxide wasadded. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours.Another 5 equiv. of aqueous sodium hydroxide was added and the reactionwas heated to 50° C. After 2 h, the reaction was quenched with 1 Nhydrochloric acid to pH 3 and extracted three times with ethyl acetate.The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered,and concentrated to give crude material. The crude material wasazeotrophed three times with methylene chloride and then dried in vacuofor 18 h to provide crude4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzoicacid (24.0 mg). MS (M+1): 453.2.

Step (C): ethyl3-(4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate

Dimethylformamide (0.270 mL) was added to a vial containing crude4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzoicacid (24.0 mg, approximately 0.120 mmol pure), ethyl 3-aminopropanoatehydrochloride (16.3 mg, 0.110 mmol) andO-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (40.3 mg, 0.110 mmol). Diisopropylethylamine (0.046mL, 0.270 mmol) was then added. The reaction was stirred for 16 h, andwas then concentrated. Purification by column chromatography (0-60%ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded ethyl3-(4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate(7.00 mg) as an oil. MS (M+1): 552.3.

Step (D):(+/−)-3-(4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

To a flask containing3-(4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate(7.00 mg, 0.0100 mmol) was added water (0.0650 mL), tetrahydrofuran(0.0650 mL), and methanol (0.0650 mL). Lithium hydroxide monohydrate(27.3 mg, 0.650 mmol) was then added. The suspension was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with 1 N hydrochloricacid to pH 3 and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combinedorganic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated to give(+/−)-3-(4-((3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid (4.5 mg, 70%) of a glass-like material. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.36-8.34 (m, 1H), 8.16-8.12 (m, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.84-7.77(m, 2H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.39 (dd, J=8.8, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd,J=8.8, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H),2.94-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.64 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.61-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.33(m, 2H). MS (M+1): 524.3.

Example 1553-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and Example 1563-(4((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Step (A): ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 and Isomer 2

Azodicarboxylic acid dipiperidine (814 mg, 3.19 mmol) and Intermediate(102) (781 mg, 2.34 mmol) were azeotrophed twice with toluene. To thismixture was added anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (10.6 mL). Tributylphosphine(0.840 mL, 3.41 mmol) was then added dropwise. Intermediate (105) (490mg, 2.13 mmol) was then added as a solid in one portion. After 18 hours,the reaction was not complete so another 0.5 equiv. of Azodicarboxylicacid dipiperidine and tributylphosphine were added. After another 4 h,the reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate to fully dissolve the solid.The mixture was washed twice with 1.0 M sodium hydroxide, water, 1.0 Mhydrochloric acid, and brine. The organic layer was dried over magnesiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated to a viscous oil. Purification bysilica gel flash chromatography (0-30% ethyl acetate in heptane)afforded ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate(520 mg, 45% yield) as a white solid.

Isomer 1 is obtained by resolving (+/−)-ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoateby chiral SFC. Column: Chiralcel OJ-H. Dimensions: 21 mm×25 cm. MobilePhase: 70/30 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate: 65.0 mL/min. Modifier: none.Retention time: 2.05 minutes, isomer 1, 2.71 minutes, isomer 2. Isomer1: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.29 (s, 2H), 7.92 (s, 1H),7.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.81 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 1H),5.08 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.70 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 2H),2.85-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.62 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 1.96-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.69(m, 1H), 1.69-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.21 (m, 3H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.11 (s,3H). MS (M+1): 546.4. Isomer 2:)¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.72 (s, 1H),8.29 (s, 2H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=8.2 Hz,2H), 6.81 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.03 (m, 2H),3.71 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.84-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.62 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H),1.97-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.22 (m,3H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.11 (s, 3H). MS (M+1): 546.4.

Step (B):3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by hydrolyzing ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,isomer 1 using the conditions in Example 152, Step D. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.29 (s, 2H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.68 (m, 2H),7.42-7.31 (m, 2H), 6.74 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.72(q, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.82-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.71 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 1.97-1.82(m, 2H), 1.80-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.11 (s,3H). MS (M+1): 518.2. Chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions:4.6×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 60/40 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate: 2.5 mL/min.Modifier: None. Retention time: 3.80 minutes.

Step (B):3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by hydrolyzing ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yloxy)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,isomer 2 using the conditions in Example 152, Step D. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.29 (s, 2H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.67 (m, 2H),7.42-7.32 (m, 2H), 6.75 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.72(q, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.82-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.71 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 1.96-1.83(m, 2H), 1.80-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.15 (s, 3H), 1.11 (s,3H). MS (M+1): 518.2. Chiral SFC. Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions:4.6×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 60/40 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate: 2.5 mL/min.Modifier: None. Retention time: 5.93 minutes.

Example 1573-(4((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and Example 1583-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

Step (A): ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate

To a solution of Intermediate (101) (1.19 g, 3.60 mmol) and Intermediate(106) (750 mg, 3.27 mmol) in methanol (10.9 ml) was added decaborane(240 mg, 1.96 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 12 hours at ambienttemperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with aqueous 1.0Mhydrochloric acid and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. Thecombined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (0-70%ethyl acetate in heptane) afforded ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate(842 mg, 47% yield) as a yellow solid.

(+/−)-ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoatewas resolved by chiral SFC (Column: Chiralpak IA. Dimensions: 10 mm×25cm. Mobile Phase: 65/35 CO₂/methanol. Flow Rate: 10.0 mL/min. Modifier:none) to give ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoateIsomer 1 (retention time: 3.42 min) and ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 (retention time: 4.55 min). Isomer 1: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.64 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.79-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.31(m, 2H), 6.82 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (q, J=7.0Hz, 2H), 3.80-3.64 (m, 2H), 2.61 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.58-2.45 (m, 1H),2.05-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.26 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 1.09 (s, 3H). MS (M+1): 545.4. Isomer 2: ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.64 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.67(m, 2H), 7.43-7.30 (m, 2H), 6.82 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (d, J=9.4 Hz,1H), 4.16 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.77-3.64 (m, 2H), 2.63 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H),2.58-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.52 (m,1H), 1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 1.09 (s, 3H). MS (M+1):545.4.

Step (B):3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by hydrolyzing ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,isomer 1 using the conditions in Example 152, Step D. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.80-8.53 (m, 1H), 8.01 (br. s., 2H), 7.89 (br. s., 1H),7.78-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.30 (m, 2H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 4.22 (d, J=9.4 Hz,1H), 3.71 (q, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.64-2.40 (m, 1H),2.12-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.47 (m, 3H), 1.12 (s, 3H), 1.08 (s, 3H). MS(M+1): 517.3.

Step (C):3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by hydrolyzing ethyl3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,isomer 2 using the conditions in Example 152, Step D. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.72-8.58 (m, 1H), 8.00 (br. s., 2H), 7.89 (br. s., 1H),7.76-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.29 (m, 2H), 6.87 (br. s, 1H), 4.22 (d, J=9.4Hz, 1H), 3.78-3.66 (m, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 2.62-2.42 (m, 1H),2.08-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.51 (m, 3H), 1.12 (s, 3H), 1.08 (s, 3H). MS(M+1): 517.3.

Example 1593-(4-(1-(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: 1-(benzyloxy)-4-iodo-2-methylbenzene

A mixture of 4-iodo-2-methylphenol (700 mg, 3.0 mmol), benzyl bromide(563 mg, 3.3 mmol), potassium carbonate (620 mg, 4.5 mmol), andacetonitrile (15 ml) was stirred at the ambient temperature for threedays. The reaction was concentrated in vacuum and the residue waspartitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic extract waswashed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and loaded onsilica gel. Chromatography on a silica gel column, eluting with agradient from 5% to 30% of ethyl acetate in heptane gave the targetproduct as a colorless solid (950 mg, 98%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.48 (d, 1H), 7.38-7.45 (m, 5H), 7.33-7.37 (m, 1H), 6.66 (d, J=8.54 Hz,1H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H).

Step B: 1-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole

A mixture of 1-(benzyloxy)-4-iodo-2-methylbenzene (850 mg, 2.6 mmol),4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (535 mg, 3.9 mmol), copper iodide (100mg, 0.52 mmol), dimethylglycine (54 mg, 0.52 mmol), potassium carbonate(906 mg, 6.6 mmol), and DMSO (10 ml) was stirred at +120° for 20 hours.The reaction was cooled to the ambient temperature, diluted with 10 mlof 5% aqueous ammonia and 10 ml of ethyl acetate and vigorously stirredfor 20 min. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×20 ml). Thecombined organic extract was washed with brine, dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, and loaded on silica gel. Chromatography on a silicagel column, eluting with a gradient from 5% to 30% of ethyl acetate inheptane gave the target product as an oil, which crystallized uponstanding to a colorless solid (670 mg, 77%). MS (M+1): 333.1.

Step C: 2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol

A mixture of1-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (670mg, 2.0 mmol), 20% palladium hydroxide on activated carbon (50 mg),ethanol (20 ml), and THF (20 ml) was shaken under 40 psi of hydrogen gasat the ambient temperature for 3 days and at +50° for 1 day, to drivereaction to completion. The reaction was filtered through a pad ofCelite and the mother liquor was concentrated to obtain the targetproduct as a colorless solid (420 mg, 86%). MS (M+1): 243.0.

Step D: ethyl4-(1-(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate

2-Methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol (200 mg, 0.83mmol) was combined with ethyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate (seeIntermediate 5) (19 mg, 0.87 mmol) and dissolved in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (5 mL). Triphenylphosphine (347 mg, 1.3 mmol) was addedat 0° under stirring followed by 0.83 ml of 1.5 M solution of diazoethylazodicarboxylate (1.24 mmol). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature as a yellow solution. At 17 hours, the reaction wasconcentrated and 10 ml of ethyl acetate and 5 ml of heptanes were added.Solid was filtered off and the mother liquor was loaded on silica gel.Chromatography on a silica gel column (gradient from 5% to 40% of ethylacetate in heptane) gave the target product as a colorless glass (90 mg,24%). MS (M+1): 447.2.

Step E:4-(1-(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid

A mixture of ethyl4-(1-(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoate(90 mg, 0.2 mmol), lithium hydroxide monohydrate (24 mg, 1.0 mmol),methanol (2 ml), THF (3 ml), and water (1 ml) was stirred at +45° for 18hours. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with 8 ml of water and 2 mlof 1 M potassium hydrogen sulfate. The mixture was extracted with ethylacetate-heptane (1:1), extract was washed with brine, dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated to obtain the targetproduct as a white solid (84 mg, 99%). MS (M+1): 419.2.

Step F: ethyl3-(4-(1-(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)-benzamido)propanoate

To a mixture of ethyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (46 mg, 0.3 mmol),4-(1-(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzoicacid (84 mg, 0.2 mmol), HOBt hydrate (34 mg, 0.22 mmol), and DIPEA(0.133 ml, 0.8 mmol), and THF (3 ml) was added EDCI hydrochloride (62mg, 0.32 mmol) in one portion at the ambient temperature and thereaction was stirred at the same temperature for three days. The mixturewas diluted with 3 ml of ethyl aceate, 3 ml of heptanes, and washedsuccessively with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and brine, driedover anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and loaded on silica gel.Chromatography on a silica gel column, eluting with a gradient from 10%to 50% of ethyl acetate in heptane gave the target product as acolorless gum (55 mg, 53%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.84(s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=8.29 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=2.68 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d,J=8.05 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (dd, J=2.68, 8.78 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.61(d, J=8.78 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (dd, J=5.12, 7.56 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (q, J=7.16 Hz,2H), 3.73 (q, J=6.02 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (t, J=5.85 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H),2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.51 (m,1H), 1.28 (t, J=7.20 Hz, 3H), 0.98 (t, J=7.44 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 518.2.

Step G:3-(4-(1-(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)-propanoicacid

A mixture of ethyl ethyl3-(4-(1-(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)-benzamido)propanoate(55 mg, 0.11 mmol), lithium hydroxide monohydrate (7.2 mg, 0.3 mmol),methanol (2 ml), THF (2 ml), and water (0.3 ml) was stirred at 22° for 3days. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with 8 ml of water and 0.35ml of 1 M potassium hydrogen sulfate. The mixture was extracted withethyl acetate, the extract was washed with brine, dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate and concentrated to obtain3-(4-(1-(2-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)butyl)benzamido)-propanoicacid as a white solid (50 mg, 96%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00 (s,1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.29 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=2.68 Hz, 1H),7.39 (d, J=8.29 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (dd, J=2.68, 8.78 Hz, 1H), 6.84-6.90 (m,1H), 6.59 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (dd, J=5.12, 7.56 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (q,J=5.94 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=5.85 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 1.99-2.09 (m,1H), 1.80-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.50 (m, 1H), 0.98 (t,J=7.32 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 490.2.

Example 1603-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 62, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralcel AS-H. Dimensions: 4.6mm×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 60/40 CO₂/isopropanol. Flow Rate: 2.5 mL/min.Modifier: 0.2% isopropylamine. Retention time: 5.33 minutes.

Example 1613-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound is obtained by resolving racemic3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid Example 62, by chiral SFC. Column: Chiralcel AS-H. Dimensions: 4.6mm×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 60/40 CO₂/isopropanol. Flow Rate: 2.5 mL/min.Modifier: 0.2% isopropylamine. Retention time: 6.25 minutes.

Example 162(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 62, using 6-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine.Column: Waters Atlantis dC18 4.6×50 mm, 5 μm. Modifier: TFA 0.05%.Gradient: 95% H₂0/5% MeCN linear to 5% H₂0/95% MeCN over 4.0 min, Holdat 5% H₂0/95% MeCN to 5.0 min. Flow: 2.0 mL/min. Retention time: 2.38min. MS (M+1): 484.0.

Example 163(+/−)-3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-ethyl4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step A of Example 1, using Intermediate (31) and Intermediate (108).¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.96-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d,J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.40 (m, 2H), 6.85 (dd,J=8.9, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.26(s, 3H), 2.13-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.72 (m, 6H),1.33-1.38 (m, 3H), 1.22-1.32 (m, 2H). MS (M+1) 439.3.

Step B:(+/−)-4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzoic acid

To a solution of (+/−)-ethyl4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzoate(78.6 mg, 0.179 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) wasadded 1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.36 mL, 0.36 mmol). The reactionwas heated to 50° C. for 10 minutes. The heat was removed and thereaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. Thereaction was concentrated. The residue was taken up in water andacidified to pH=4 with 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resultingprecipitate was collected by filtration and dried under vacuum to givethe title compound (68.3 mg, 93%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CD₃OD, δ): 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.48 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J=8.9, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.98-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.74 (m, 6H),1.23-1.38 (m, 2H). MS (M+1) 411.3.

Step C: (+/−)-methyl3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step C of Example 2, using(+/−)-4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzoicacid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.61(d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.85 (dd,J=8.8, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.09-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.73(m, 5H), 2.59-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.73(m, 6H), 1.19-1.32 (m, 2H). MS (M+1) 496.4.

Step D:(+/−)-3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step E of Example 4, using (+/−)-methyl3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.66 (d,J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.05 (dd, J=9.0, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (s,3H), 1.97-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.75 (m, 5H), 1.23-1.39 (m, 3H). MS (M+1)482.4.

Example 164(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-ethyl4-(1-(6-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate

To a solution of Intermediate (109) (42.3 mg, 0.178 mmol) in methanol(1.8 mL) was added glacial acetic acid (20 μL, 0.4 mmol) andIntermediate (5) (43.0 mg, 0.195 mmol). Lastly, added decaborane (13 mg,0.11 mmol) and let reaction stir at room temperature for 65 hours. Thereaction was concentrated. The crude residue was taken up in ethylacetate, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (3×) andbrine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated.Purification by flash column chromatography (10-70% ethylacetate/heptanes) gave ethyl4-(1-(6-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate(19.6 mg, 25%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.82 (s, 1H), 8.56 (dd,J=4.9, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.61-7.72 (m,3H), 7.50 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.10 (ddd, J=7.5,5.0, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J=8.9, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H),4.23 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 1.71-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.54 (m, 5H), 0.94 (t,J=7.3 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1) 442.4.

Step B:(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(6-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 163, Steps B-D, using (+/−)-ethyl4-(1-(6-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate.Column: Waters Atlantis dC18 4.6×50 mm, 5 μm. Modifier: TFA 0.05%.Gradient: 95% H₂0/5% MeCN linear to 5% H₂0/95% MeCN over 4.0 min, Holdat 5% H₂0/95% MeCN to 5.0 min. Flow: 2.0 mL/min. Retention time: 2.20min. MS (M+1): 485.0.

Example 165(+/−)-3-(N-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

Step A: (+/−)-ethyl4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step A of Example 62, using Intermediate (5). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃,δ): 8.59 (s, 1H), 7.98-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.65-7.71 (m, 2H),7.51-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.43 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.25 (m, 1H), 6.90 (dd,J=8.8, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.41 (m, 3H), 1.73-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.51 (m,5H), 0.92-0.98 (m, 3H). MS (M+1) 441.4.

Step B: (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(N-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Steps B and C of Example 2, using ethyl4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzoate andtert-butyl 3-(methylamino)propanoate. MS (M+1) 554.5.

Step C:(+/−)-3-(N-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedin Step C of Example 1, using (+/−)-tert-butyl3-(N-methyl-4-(1-(6-(4-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoate.Column: Waters Atlantis dC18 4.6×50 mm, 5 μm. Modifier: TFA 0.05%.Gradient: 95% H₂0/5% MeCN linear to 5% H₂0/95% MeCN over 4.0 min, Holdat 5% H₂0/95% MeCN to 5.0 min. Flow: 2.0 mL/min. Retention time: 3.27min. MS (M+1): 498.1.

Example 1663-(4-(1-(6-(4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and Example 1673-(4-(1-(6-(4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

Racemic3-(4-(1-(6-(4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid was prepared by a method analogous to that described for Example62, using Intermediate (110). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 7.95 (s, 1H),7.72-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.08 (dd,J=8.9, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.60(t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.67-1.92 (m,2H), 1.31-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.18 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).MS (M+1) 450.4.

Racemic3-(4-(1-(6-(4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)butyl)benzamido)propanoicacid was resolved by chiral SFC to afford the two single enantiomers.Chiral SFC: Chiralcel OJ-H, 10×250 mm; Mobile Phase 65:35 CO₂/methanol,10 mL/min, Retention time: 3.03 minutes (Isomer 1), 5.47 minutes (Isomer2).

Example 168(R)-3-(6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid

To a solution of Intermediate (118) (218 mg, 0.400 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (2.00 mL) and methanol (2.00 mL) was added 1 N aq sodiumhydroxide (2.00 mL, 2.00 mmol). After 10 minutes, the solution wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to remove tetrahydrofuran andmethanol. 1 N aq hydrochloric acid was added until the mixture was at pH4. The mixture was diluted with sat. aq sodium chloride (20 mL) andextracted with ethyl acetate (3×25 mL). The combined organics were dried(Na₂SO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure to provide(R)-3-(6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 9.25-9.15 (m, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 8.18(d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.78-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.11 (s, 2H), 6.46(d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.48-4.39 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.64 (t, J=5.6Hz, 2H), 2.10 (s, 1H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.96-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.70 (m,1H), 1.70-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.02 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H).MS (M+1): 518.7.

Example 169(S)-3-(6-((1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-methylbutyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 168 using Intermediate (119). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ):9.25-9.15 (m, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H),7.78-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.11 (s, 2H), 6.46 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.48-4.39 (m,1H), 3.85-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.64 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.10 (s, 1H), 2.00 (s,6H), 1.96-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.02 (d,J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 518.7.

Example 170(3-(6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1

Step A:(+/−)-N-(cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

Cyclopentylmagnesium bromide (2 M in diethyl ether, 3.46 mL, 6.92 mmol)and dimethylzinc (2 M in toluene, 3.89 mL, 7.78 mmol) were allowed tostir for 15 minutes. This solution was then added dropwise to a solutionof Intermediate (1003) (1.28 g, 3.46 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (34.6 mL)at −78° C. After 5 hours, an additional portion of cyclopentylmagnesiumbromide (2 M in diethyl ether, 0.86 mL, 1.72 mmol) and dimethylzinc (2 Min toluene, 0.95 mL, 1.90 mmol) that had been allowed to mix for 15minutes was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at −78° C. After 1hour, the solution was quenched at −78° C. by addition of sat. aqammonium chloride (10 mL). The resulting slurry was allowed to warm toroom temperature. The mixture was diluted with 120 mL sat. aq ammoniumchloride and enough water to dissolve precipitated solids. This solutionwas then extracted with ethyl acetate (3×120 mL). The combined organicswere dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography (ethylacetate/heptane) gave(+/−)-N-(cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.09 (s, 2H),4.03 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.41-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.02 (s, 6H), 1.99-1.87 (m,1H), 1.72-1.35 (m, 7H), 1.23 (s, 9H), 1.16-1.04 (m, 1H). MS (M+1):442.5.

Step B:(+/−)-cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanaminehydrochloride

To a solution of(+/−)-N-(cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(1.184 g, 2.680 mmol) in methanol (13.4 mL) was added hydrogen chloride(4 M in dioxane, 3.35 mL, 13.4 mmol) dropwise. The reaction wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to provide(+/−)-cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanaminehydrochloride. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD, δ): 8.33 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H),7.31 (s, 2H), 4.05 (d, J=10.6 Hz, 1H), 2.35-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.98 (m,7H), 1.89-1.39 (m, 6H), 1.20-1.14 (m, 1H).

Step C: methyl(+/−)-6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinate

To a mixture of(+/−)-cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanaminehydrochloride (1.002 g, 2.680 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.51 g,10.7 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5.36 mL) was added methyl6-fluoronicotinate (472 mg, 2.95 mmol). The reaction was heated to 85°C. After 15 h, the reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted withwater (50 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The combinedorganics were dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by columnchromatography (ethyl acetate/heptane) gave methyl(+/−)-6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinate.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.67 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (dd, J=9.0, 2.0Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.12 (s, 2H), 6.28 (d, J=9.0 Hz,1H), 4.43-4.33 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 2.36-2.23 (m, 1H), 2.04-1.97 (m,7H), 1.77-1.41 (m, 6H), 1.37-1.28 (m, 1H). MS (M+1): 473.2.

Step D:(+/−)-6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinicacid

To a solution of methyl(+/−)-6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinate(753 mg, 1.59 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (7.97 mL) and methanol (7.97 mL)was added 1 N aq sodium hydroxide (7.97 mL, 7.97 mmol). After 16 h, thesolution was concentrated under reduced pressure to removetetrahydrofuran and methanol. 1 N aq hydrochloric acid was added untilthe mixture was at pH 4. The mixture was diluted with sat. aq sodiumchloride (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). Thecombined organics were dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to provide(+/−)-6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinicacid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H),7.94 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.15 (s, 2H), 6.39 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H),4.28-4.18 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.05 (m, 1H), 2.01 (s, 6H),1.78-1.40 (m, 6H), 1.36-1.28 (m, 1H). MS (M+1): 459.5.

Step E: ethyl3-(6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoate, Isomer 1 and ethyl3-(6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoate, Isomer 2

To a mixture of(+/−)-6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinicacid (731 mg, 1.59 mmol), β-alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride (516 mg,3.19 mmol), and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (336 mg, 2.39 mmol) indichloromethane (15.9 mL) was added triethylamine (0.782 mL, 5.58 mmol)followed by N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride(465 mg, 2.39 mmol). After 70 hours, the mixture was diluted withdichloromethane (50 mL) and washed with water (3×50 mL) and sat. aqsodium chloride (50 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄) andfiltered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.Purification by column chromatography (ethyl acetate/heptane) followedby chiral SFC (Cellulose-2 column, 21 mm×250 mm, 35% methanol/carbondioxide eluent) gave ethyl3-(6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (SFC retention time 2.71 min) and ethyl3-(6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 (SFC retention time 3.43 min). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 8.45(d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.09 (s, 2H), 6.84(t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 6.41-6.27 (m, 1H), 6.26 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (t,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t,J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.33-2.19 (m, 1H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.96-1.85 (m, 1H),1.74-1.37 (m, 6H), 1.34-1.21 (m, 4H). MS (M+1): 558.5.

Step F:3-(6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 (Example 170)

To a solution of ethyl3-(6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (255 mg, 0.457 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2.29 mL) and methanol(2.28 mL) was added 1 N aq sodium hydroxide (2.28 mL, 2.28 mmol). After10 minutes, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure toremove tetrahydrofuran and methanol. 1 N aq hydrochloric acid was addeduntil the mixture was at pH 3. The mixture was diluted with sat. aqsodium chloride (15 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×25 mL). Thecombined organics were dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered, and the filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to provide3-(6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 9.54-9.42 (m, 1H), 8.58-8.48(m, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.12(s, 2H), 6.54 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.64 (m, 2H),2.67 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 2.44-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.06 (m, 1H), 2.01 (s,6H), 1.75-1.36 (m, 6H), 1.33-1.19 (m, 1H). MS (M+1): 530.4.

Example 1713-(6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 170, Step F, using ethyl3-(6-((cyclopentyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)methyl)amino)nicotinamido)propanoate,Isomer 2. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 9.54-9.42 (m, 1H), 8.58-8.48 (m,1H), 8.22 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.12 (s,2H), 6.54 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.64 (m, 2H), 2.67(t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 2.44-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.06 (m, 1H), 2.01 (s, 6H),1.75-1.36 (m, 6H), 1.33-1.19 (m, 1H). MS (M+1): 530.4.

Example 172N-{4-[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-({6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}amino)butyl]benzoyl}-beta-alanine,Isomer 1 and Example 173N-{4-[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-({6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}amino)butyl]benzoyl}-beta-alanine,Isomer 2

Step A: (+/−)-ethyl 4-(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate

To a solution of the ethyl 4-iodobenzoate (1.21 ml, 7.24 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (12 ml) at −40° C. was added isopropylmagnesium chloridelithium chloride complex (6.13 ml, 7.97 mmol, 1.3M in tetrahydrofuran)dropwise. The mixture was stirred for approximately 1 hour whereupon the4,4,4-trifluorobutanal (0.761 ml, 0.724 mmol) was added dropwise. Themixture was stirred at −40° C. for 15 minutes and slowly warmed toambient temperature over 12 hours. The reaction was quenched withaqueous 1.0M hydrochloric acid and the aqueous layer was extracted withethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic layers were dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The alcohol wasused without further purification.

Step B: ethyl 4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutanoyl)benzoate

A mixture of (+/−)-ethyl 4-(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate(2.10 g, 7.60 mmol) in dichloromethane (28 ml), dimethyl sulfoxide (22ml), and triethylamine (5.29 ml, 38.0 mmol) was cooled to 0° C. Sulfurtrioxide pyridine complex (3.63 g, 22.8 mmol) was added in portions andthe mixture stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour, then slowly raised to ambienttemperature over 12 h. The reaction was quenched with water and dilutedwith diethylether. The aqueous layer was extracted with diethylether andthe combined organic layers were washed with brine. The combined organicextracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentratedin vacuo to affording the crude product as a solid that was used withoutfurther purification.

Step C: (+/−)-ethyl4-[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-({6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}amino)butyl]benzoate

To a solution of crude ethyl 4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutanoyl)benzoate (0.060g, 0.22 mmol) and 6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-amine(0.050 g, 0.22 mmol) in methanol (2.2 ml) was added decaborane (8.0 mg,0.066 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 12 hours at ambienttemperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with aqueous 1.0Mhydrochloric acid and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material waspurified via ISCO MPLC (SiO₂, 0-100% ethyl acetate in heptane) to yieldthe product (47 g, 42%) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.63 (s,1H), 8.06 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.70(d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.45 (m, 2H), 6.96 (dd, J=8.8, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.50(t, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.07-2.32 (m, 4H), 1.39 (t,J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 487.3.

Step D:(+/−)-4-[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-({6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}amino)butyl]benzoicacid

A mixture of (+/−)-ethyl4-[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-({6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}amino)butyl]benzoate(46 mg, 0.095 mmol) in methanol (0.19 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (0.095 ml)was treated with aqueous lithium hydroxide (0.095 ml, 0.19 mmol, 2.0M).The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 hours. Thereaction was concentrated in vacuo, then diluted with water andacidified with aqueous 1.0M hydrochloric acid. The mixture was thenconcentrated in vacuo a second time, and the crude residue was useddirectly for further transformations.

Step E: (+/−)-ethylN-{4-[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-({6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}amino)butyl]benzoyl}-beta-alaninate

To a mixture of ethyl 3-aminopropionate hydrochloride (23 mg, 0.19mmol),(+/−)-4-[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-({6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}amino)butyl]benzoicacid (44 mg, 0.096 mmol), hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (15 mg, 0.096mmol), and triethylamine (55 ul, 0.39 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.96 ml)was added 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride(21 mg, 0.11 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 hours at ambienttemperature. The reaction was diluted with water and the organic layerwas separated. The aq. layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2×) andthe combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered,and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was used without furtherpurification.

Step F: (+) &(−)-N-{4-[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-({6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}amino)butyl]benzoyl}-beta-alanine

A mixture of crude (+/−)-ethylN-{4-[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-({6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}amino)butyl]benzoyl}-beta-alaninate(52 mg, 0.093 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.20 ml) andtetrahydrofuran (0.10 ml) and treated with aqueous lithium hydroxide(0.093 ml, 0.19 mmol, 2.0M). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 1 hour. The crude reaction mixture was concentrated invacuo and the residual solid was dissolved in water (0.50 ml) andtreated with aqueous 1.0M hydrochloric acid until approximately pH 6 wasreached, resulting in the precipitation of racemicN-{4-[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-({6-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}amino)butyl]benzoyl}-beta-alanineas a white gummy solid. The two enantiomeric products were separated bychiral SFC Column: Chiralpak AD-H. Dimensions: 21×250 mm. Mobile Phase:70/30 CO2/methanol, (peak 1, 0.30 g, 22% and peak 2, 0.30 g, 22%). FlowRate: 65 mL/min. Modifier: none. Analytical SFC: Chiralpak AD-H, 4.6mm×25 cm; SFC Mobile Phase 70:30 CO2/Methanol, 2.5 mL/min, analyticalretention time: 2.97 min (Isomer 1) and 5.15 (Isomer 2). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.64 (s, 1H), 7.73-7.84 (m, 4H), 7.70 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H),7.37-7.43 (m, 2H), 6.98 (br. dd, J=8.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.73-6.86 (m, 1H),4.48 (br. t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (br. q, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (br. t,J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.06-2.34 (m, 4H). MS (M+1): 530.3.

Example 174N-{4-[{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl]benzoyl}-beta-alanine,Isomer 1 and Example 175N-{4-[{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl]benzoyl}-beta-alanine,Isomer 2

Step A: 2-(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine

A mixture of the 4-iodo-1H-pyrazole (4.59 g, 23.7 mmol) and2-chloro-5-nitropyridine (3.75 g, 23.7 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(11.8 ml) was treated with potassium carbonate (3.76 g, 27.2 mmol). Themixture was heated to 80° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with excess water resulting in the precipitation of a solid thatwas collected by filtration. Further drying in vacuo afforded theproduct (7.5 g, 100%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 9.27(d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.62 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d,J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H).

Step B: 2-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine

A flask was charged with a mixture of the2-(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine (0.600 g, 1.90 mmol),cyclopropylboronic acid (652 mg, 7.59 mmol), palladium acetate (43 mg,0.19 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (112 mg, 0.380 mmol), andtripotassium phosphate (1.41 g, 6.64 mmol) and then equipped with amicro reflux condenser and purged with dry nitrogen. Freshly degassedtoluene (10 ml) was added followed by degassed water (0.4 ml) and themixture was heated to reflux for 12 hours. The reaction mixture wascooled to ambient temperature, then diluted with ethyl acetate andwater. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×) and thecombined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified via ISCO MPLC(SiO₂, 0-25% ethyl acetate in heptane) to yield the product (0.12 g,28%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 9.24 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.56(dd, J=9.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (s,1H), 1.79 (tt, J=8.6, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 0.97 (ddd, J=8.2, 6.1, 4.3 Hz, 2H),0.64 (dt, J=6.3, 4.7 Hz, 2H).

Step C: 6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine

A solution of 2-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-nitropyridine (2.91 g,12.7 mmol) in ethyl acetate (250 ml) was passed through an H-Cubereactor equipped with a 10% Pd(OH)2/C cartridge at 50° C., 50 bar, at 1ml/min. The solution was concentrated in vacuo. The crude material waspurified via ISCO MPLC (SiO₂, 0-100% ethyl acetate in heptane) to yieldthe product (964 mg, 38%) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.12(s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H),7.12 (dd, J=8.7, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (br. s., 2H), 1.75 (tt, J=8.6, 5.3Hz, 1H), 0.88 (ddd, J=8.4, 6.3, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 0.59 (dt, J=5.7, 4.5 Hz,2H).

Step D: (+/−)-ethylN-{4-[{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl]benzoyl}-beta-alaninate

To a solution of Intermediate (101) (964 mg, 4.81 mmol) and6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine (1.60 g, 4.81 mmol) inmethanol (10.9 ml) was added decaborane (235 mg, 1.93 mmol) in a singleportion. The mixture was stirred for 12 hours. An additional aliquot ofdecaborane (235 mg, 1.93 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred afurther 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo thentreated with aqueous 1.0M hydrochloric acid for 12 hours at ambienttemperature. The crude product was concentrated in vacuo and useddirectly for further transformations.

Step E: (+) &(−)-N-{4-[{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl]benzoyl}-beta-alanine

A mixture of crude (+/−)-ethylN-{4-[{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methyl]benzoyl}-beta-alaninate(2.48 g, 4.91 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4.8 ml) andtetrahydrofuran (2.4 ml) and treated with aqueous 2.0M lithium hydroxide(4.8 ml, 9.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for12 hours. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo, then diluted withwater and acidified with aqueous 1.0M hydrochloric acid. A yellowprecipitate formed and was collected by filtration. The two enantiomericproducts were separated by chiral SFC Column: Chiralpak AD-H.Dimensions: 21×250 mm. Mobile Phase: 50/50 CO2/methanol, (peak 1, 638mg, 27% and peak 2, 682 g, 29%). Flow Rate: 65 mL/min. Modifier: none.Analytical SFC: Chiralpak AD-H, 4.6 mm×25 cm; SFC Mobile Phase 50:50CO2/Methanol, 2.5 mL/min, analytical retention time: 3.90 min (Isomer 2)and 9.30 (Isomer 1). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s,1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (dd, J=8.8, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (d,J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.56-3.67 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.47 (m, 2H), 1.96 (ddd, J=11.2,8.0, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 1.60-1.74 (m, 3H), 1.54 (ddd, J=11.9, 8.4, 3.7 Hz,1H), 1.28-1.34 (m, 1H), 1.09 (s, 3H), 1.07 (s, 3H), 0.81-0.86 (m, 2H),0.50-0.56 (m, 2H) MS (M+1): 488.4.

Example 176(+/−)-N-[4-(1-{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}butyl)benzoyl]-beta-alanine

Step A: (+/−)-ethyl4-(1-{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}butyl)benzoate

To a solution of ethyl 4-butyrylbenzoate (121 mg, 0.549 mmol) and6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine (0.110 g, 0.549 mmol)in methanol (1.3 ml) was added decaborane (27 mg, 0.22 mmol). Thereaction was stirred for 12 hours at ambient temperature. The reactionmixture was quenched with aqueous 1.0M hydrochloric acid andconcentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified via ISCO MPLC(SiO₂, 0-100% ethyl acetate in heptane) to yield the product (26 mg,12%) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.05 (s, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=8.2Hz, 2H), 7.67 (br. s., 1H), 7.62 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.40(d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 3H),1.76-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.72 (tt, J=8.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 1.41-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.38(t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.86 (ddd, J=8.2, 5.9, 3.9Hz, 2H), 0.56 (dt, J=5.9, 4.1 Hz, 2H).

Step B:(+/−)-4-(1-{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}butyl)benzoicacid

A mixture of (+/−)-ethyl4-(1-{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}butyl)benzoate(26 mg, 0.064 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.13 ml) andtetrahydrofuran (0.070 ml) and treated with aqueous 2.0M lithiumhydroxide (64 ul, 0.13 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 12 hours. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was acidified with aqueous 1.0M hydrochloric acid. The crudeproduct was concentrated in vacuo a second time and was used withoutfurther purification.

Step C: (+/−)-ethylN-[4-(1-{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}butyl)benzoyl]-beta-alaninate

To a mixture of ethyl 3-aminopropionate hydrochloride (31 mg, 0.27mmol),(+/−)-4-(1-{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}butyl)benzoicacid (0.050 g, 0.13 mmol), hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (0.020 g, 0.13mmol), and triethylamine (76 ul, 0.55 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.3 ml)was added 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride(38.9 g, 201 mmol) (28 mg, 0.15 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred for2 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction was diluted with water andthe organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted withdichloromethane (2×) and the combined organic layers were dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude materialwas used without further purification.

Step D:(+/−)-N-[4-(1-{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}butyl)benzoyl]-beta-alanine

A mixture of crude (+/−)-ethylN-[4-(1-{[6-(4-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]amino}butyl)benzoyl]-beta-alaninate(63 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.26 ml) andtetrahydrofuran (0.13 ml) and treated with aqueous 2.0M lithiumhydroxide (0.13 ml, 0.26 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 12 hours. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was acidified with aqueous 1.0M hydrochloric acid andconcentrated in vacuo a second time. Purification by reversed-phase HPLCon a Waters Sunfire C18 19×100 mm, 0.005 mm column eluting with agradient of water in acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier)gave the product. Analytical LCMS: retention time 2.94 minutes (AtlantisC18 4.6×50 mm, 5 μM column; 95% water/acetonitrile linear gradient to 5%water/acetonitrile over 4.0 minutes, hold at 5% water/acetonitrile to5.0 minutes; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid modifier; flow rate 2.0mL/minute); MS (M+1): 448.2.

Example 177(±)-3-(4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound is obtained by a method analogous to the onedescribed for Example 2 (step B, C and D) using Intermediate (121) asstarting material. Filtration of the solid formed after acidification toca. pH 3 with citric acid (10%, aq.), provide (±)-3-(4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid (98.8 mg, 77.9%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 1.13 (br. s., 1H) 1.22-1.47 (m, 2H) 1.84-1.94 (m, 2H)2.43-2.48 (m, 2H) 3.14-3.23 (m, 1H) 3.23-3.30 (m, 1H) 3.38-3.47 (m, 2H)3.75-3.84 (m, 1H) 3.87-3.95 (m, 1H) 4.32 (t, J=7.83 Hz, 1H) 6.80 (d,J=8.02 Hz, 1H) 7.12 (dd, J=8.80, 2.74 Hz, 1H) 7.45 (d, J=8.22 Hz, 2H)7.57 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H) 7.73-7.80 (m, 3H) 8.09 (s, 1H) 8.42 (t, J=5.28Hz, 1H) 8.84 (s, 1H) 12.18 (s, 1H); MS (M+1): 518.4.

Example 178(±)-3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

A 20 drams vial was charged with methyl(±)-3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoate(92 mg, 0.18 mmol), THF (1.8 mL) and MeOH (1.8 mL). NaOH 1M aq. (0.9 mL)was then added in one portion and the resulting mixture stirred for 30minutes at room temperature. Organic solvents removed under reducedpressure and 5 mL of water added to the vial. Under magnetic stirring,citric acid solution (10%, aq.) added dropwise to reach ca. pH 3. Thesolid formed was recovered with a büchner funnel, washed with water anddried under high vacuum to provide(±)-3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoic acid as a white solid (76.9 mg, 86.0%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 0.98 (s, 9H) 2.44-2.48 (m, 2H) 3.38-3.47 (m, 2H) 4.33 (d,J=8.22 Hz, 1H) 6.54 (d, J=8.41 Hz, 1H) 7.17 (dd, J=8.90, 2.84 Hz, 1H)7.44 (d, J=8.22 Hz, 2H) 7.55 (d, J=9.00 Hz, 1H) 7.74 (d, J=8.41 Hz, 2H)7.84 (d, J=2.54 Hz, 1H) 8.08 (s, 1H) 8.44 (t, J=5.28 Hz, 1H) 8.84 (s,1H) 12.18 (br. s., 1H); MS (M+1): 490.4.

Example 1793-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and Example 1803-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

Intermediate (123) was resolved using preparative SFC (Column: ChiralpakAD-H. Dimensions: 21 mm×250 cm. Mobile Phase: 65/35 CO₂/2-propanol. FlowRate: 65 mL/min. Modifier: none) to give ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (Retention time: 2.87 min) and ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 (retention time 5.10 min). Subsequent saponification of ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomers 1 and 2 separately by a method analogous to the one describedfor Example 178 provided3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 2, respectively, as light yellow solids. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 0.98 (s, 9H) 2.44-2.48 (m, 2H) 3.38-3.46 (m, 2H)4.33 (d, J=8.19 Hz, 1H) 6.54 (d, J=8.19 Hz, 1H) 7.17 (dd, J=8.97, 2.73Hz, 1H) 7.44 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 2H) 7.55 (d, J=8.78 Hz, 1H) 7.74 (d, J=8.39Hz, 2H) 7.84 (d, J=2.73 Hz, 1H) 8.08-8.09 (m, 1H) 8.44 (t, J=5.46 Hz,1H) 8.82-8.85 (m, 1H) 12.20 (br. s., 1H); MS (M+1): 490.4.

Example 181(±)-3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

A round bottom flask was charged with Intermediate (124) (33 mg, 64μmol), Ethanol (1 mL), THF (1 mL). NaOH 1M aq. (0.2 mL) was then addedand the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes.Organic solvent removed under reduced pressure and water added to obtaina nice solution. Acidification of the aqueous solution with HCl (1 Naq.) to reach ca. pH 4.5 led to a precipitate. The solid formed wasrecovered over a büchner funnel and washed with plenty of water. Thesolid was dried under high vacuum overnight to provide(±)-3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoic acid as a white solid (25.7 mg, 82%). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 0.98 (s, 9H) 2.44-2.48 (m, 2H) 3.38-3.46 (m, 2H)4.33 (d, J=8.19 Hz, 1H) 6.55 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 1H) 7.11 (dd, J=8.88, 2.83Hz, 1H) 7.40-7.47 (m, 3H) 7.74 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 2H) 7.89 (d, J=2.73 Hz,1H) 8.24-8.29 (m, 1H) 8.37 (s, 1H) 8.44 (t, J=5.46 Hz, 1H) 12.19 (br.s., 1H); MS (M+1): 490.4.

Example 1823-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and Example 1833-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2

Intermediate (124) was resolved using preparative SFC (Column: ChiralpakAD-H. Dimensions: 21 mm×250 cm. Mobile Phase: 55/45 CO₂/ethanol. FlowRate: 65 mL/min. Modifier: 0.2% isopropylamine) to provide ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (retention time: 4.77 min) and ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 (retention time: 6.45 min). Subsequent saponification of ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 and ethyl3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 separately by a method analogous to the one described forExample 181 provided3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 1 and3-(4-(2,2-dimethyl-1-((6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)amino)propyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2, respectively, as white solids. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ 0.98 (s, 9H) 2.44-2.48 (m, 2H) 3.38-3.46 (m, 2H) 4.33 (d, J=8.19 Hz,1H) 6.55 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 1H) 7.11 (dd, J=8.88, 2.83 Hz, 1H) 7.40-7.47 (m,3H) 7.74 (d, J=8.39 Hz, 2H) 7.89 (d, J=2.73 Hz, 1H) 8.24-8.29 (m, 1H)8.37 (s, 1H) 8.44 (t, J=5.46 Hz, 1H) 12.19 (br. s., 1H); MS (M+1):490.4.

Example 184(+/−)-3-(4-{1-[3,5-difluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenoxy]-butyl}-benzoylamino)-propionicacid

Step A: di-tert-butyl1-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate

In an oven-dried, N₂-purged round bottom, 4-bromo-3,5-difluoroanisole(500 mg, 2.24 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (11 mL) and broughtto −78° C. nBuLi (0.96 mL, 2.44 M in THF, 2.35 mmol) was added over 2min. This was stirred for 5 min and then a solution di-tert-butylazodicarboxylate (542 mg, 2.35 mmol) in anhydrous THF (3 mL) in anoven-dried, N₂-purged pear flask was added in one portion via syringe.The reaction was removed from the ice bath and allowed to warm to roomtemperature over 30 min. The reaction, a clear solution, was quenched bythe addition of aq. sat. NH₄Cl. The material was extracted with twoportions of ethyl acetate and the combined organics were dried overMgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel flashchromatography (ethyl acetate in heptane) gave di-tert-butyl1-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate (0.868 g,impure with ethyl acetate) as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ):6.48 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 2H) 3.73-3.85 (m, 3H) 1.36-1.60 (m, 18H).

Step B: (2,6-difluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-hydrazine hydrochloride

Di-tert-butyl1-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate (616 mg,1.64 mmol) was heated in 4 M HCl in dioxane (5 mL, 20 mmol) at reflux.The solution over time became a suspension. At 30 min, the reaction wascooled, diethylether was added, and the solid was collected with amedium frit, washing with diethylether. This gave(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-hydrazine hydrochloride (0.246 g, 86%)as a tan solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ): 9.75 (br. s., 3H) 7.46 (s,1H) 6.79-6.90 (m, 2H) 3.78 (s, 3H).

Step C: 1-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole

(2,6-Difluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-hydrazine hydrochloride (244 mg, 1.40mmol) was combined with Intermediate (7A) (477 mg, 1.40 mmol) andanhydrous tetrahydofuran (5 mL). This suspension was brought to 0° C.and solid NaOMe (87.6 mg, 1.54 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirredovernight allowing the bath to melt. At 21 h, the reaction was a brownsolution with some solid present. Trifluoroacetic acid (0.48 mL, 6.19mmol) was added and the reaction refluxed. At 5 h, the reaction wascooled and partitioned between ethyl acetate and sat. NaHCO₃. Theaqueous was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organics driedover MgSO₄. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (ethylacetate in heptane) gave1-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole (0.230g, 59%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.97 (s, 1H) 7.89(s, 1H) 6.64 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 2H) 3.87 (s, 3H); MS (M+1): 279.2.

Step D: 3,5-difluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenol

1-(2,6-Difluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole (278 mg,0.999 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3 mL). Boron tribromide(20.0 mL, 1.0 M in DCM, 20.0 mmol) was added and the reaction wasrefluxed. At 42 h, the reaction was cooled in an ice bath and slowlyquenched with methanol. The combined materials were then concentratedand partitioned between ethyl acetate and sat. NaHCO₃. The aqueous layerwas extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organics dried overMgSO₄. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (ethyl acetate inheptane) gave 3,5-difluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenol(0.231 g, 88%) as a tan oil that solidified upon standing. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 7.99 (s, 1H) 7.90 (s, 1H) 6.50-6.60 (m, 2H); MS (M+1):265.2.

Step E:(+/−)-4-{1-[3,5-difluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenoxy]-butyl}-benzoicacid ethyl ester

3,5-Difluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenol (230 mg, 0.871mmol) was combined with ethyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate (seeIntermediate 5) (194 mg, 0.871 mmol) and dissolved in anhydroustetrahydrofuran (4 mL). Triphenylphosphine (457 mg, 1.74 mmol) was addedfollowed by diazopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.451 mL, 2.18 mmol). This wasstirred at room temperature as a yellow solution. At 17 h, the reactionwas concentrated. Purification by silica gel flash chromatography (ethylacetate in heptane) gave impure(+/−)-4-{1-[3,5-difluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenoxy]-butyl}-benzoicacid ethyl ester (0.411 g) as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃, δ):8.06 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H) 7.93 (s, 1H) 7.82 (s, 1H) 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H)6.54 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 2H) 5.15 (dd, J=7.6, 5.3 Hz, 1H) 4.39 (q, J=7.2 Hz,2H) 1.96-2.10 (m, 1H) 1.77-1.91 (m, 1H) 1.19-1.61 (m, 5H) 0.98 (t, J=7.3Hz, 3H); MS (M+1): 469.3.

Step F:(+/−)-3-(4-{1-[3,5-difluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenoxy]-butyl}-benzoylamino)-propionicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 20 using(+/−)-4-{1-[3,5-difluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenoxy]-butyl}-benzoicacid ethyl ester. Column: Waters Atlantis d C18 4.6×50 mm, 5 μm;Modifier: TFA 0.05%; Gradient: 95% H₂O/5% acetonitrile linear to 5%H₂O/95% acetonitrile over 4.0 min, hold at 5% H₂O/95% acetonitrile to5.0 min. Flow: 2.0 mL/min.; Retention time: 3.31 minutes. MS (M+1):512.1.

Example 185(+/−)-3-(4-{1-[4-(5-fluoro-indazol-2-yl)-phenoxy]-butyl}-benzoylamino)-propionicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 184 using Intermediate (125). Column: Waters Atlantis d C184.6×50 mm, 5 μm; Modifier: TFA 0.05%; Gradient: 95% H₂O/5% acetonitrilelinear to 5% H₂O/95% acetonitrile over 4.0 min, hold at 5% H₂O/95%acetonitrile to 5.0 min. Flow: 2.0 mL/min.; Retention time: 3.35minutes. MS (M+1): 476.0.

Example 186(+/−)-3-(4-{1-[4-(6-fluoro-indazol-2-yl)-phenoxy]-butyl}benzoylamino)-propionicacid

The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that describedfor Example 184 using Intermediate (126). Column: Waters Atlantis d C184.6×50 mm, 5 μm; Modifier: TFA 0.05%; Gradient: 95% H₂O/5% acetonitrilelinear to 5% H₂O/95% acetonitrile over 4.0 min, hold at 5% H₂O/95%acetonitrile to 5.0 min. Flow: 2.0 mL/min.; Retention time: 3.33minutes. MS (M+1): 476.0.

Example 187(S)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared using a method analogous to thatdescribed in Example 83, starting from Intermediate (127). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.95 (t, J=7.32 Hz, 3H) 1.35-1.59 (m, 2H) 1.74-1.86(m, 1H) 1.82 (s, 3H) 1.90-2.03 (m, 1H) 2.55 (t, J=5.85 Hz, 2H) 3.55-3.67(m, 2H) 5.10-5.25 (m, 1H) 6.57 (br. s., 2H) 7.08-7.17 (m, 2H) 7.31 (ddd,J=8.73, 6.68, 0.98 Hz, 1H) 7.37 (d, J=8.19 Hz, 2H) 7.67-7.78 (m, 4H)7.88 (d, J=0.78 Hz, 1H). LCMS: m/z=486.2 [M+H].

Example 188(+/−)-3-(4-((3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared using a method analogous to thatdescribed in Example 62, starting from Intermediate (101) andIntermediate 6. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.05 (s, 3H) 1.08 (s, 3H)1.49-1.72 (m, 3H) 1.90-2.01 (m, 1H) 2.45 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H) 2.62 (m, 2H)3.54-3.71 (m, 2H) 4.16 (d, J=9.19 Hz, 1H) 6.80 (dd, J=8.80, 2.74 Hz, 1H)7.07 (d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H) 7.12-7.19 (m, 1H) 7.32 (d, J=8.22 Hz, 2 H) 7.67(d, J=8.02 Hz, 2H) 7.72 (d, J=2.74 Hz, 1H) 7.82 (s, 1H) 8.36 (s, 1H).LCMS: m/z=516.2 [M+H].

Example 189(+/−)-3-(4-(1-(4-(2H-indazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)butyl)benzamido)propanoic acid

The title compound was prepared using a method analogous to thatdescribed in Example 83, starting from Intermediate (127). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 0.95 (t, J=7.32 Hz, 3H) 1.35-1.59 (m, 2H) 1.74-1.86(m, 1H) 1.82 (s, 3H) 1.90-2.03 (m, 1H) 2.55 (t, J=5.85 Hz, 2H) 3.55-3.67(m, 2H) 5.10-5.25 (m, 1H) 6.57 (br. s., 2H) 7.08-7.17 (m, 2H) 7.31 (ddd,J=8.73, 6.68, 0.98 Hz, 1H) 7.37 (d, J=8.19 Hz, 2H) 7.67-7.78 (m, 4H)7.88 (d, J=0.78 Hz, 1H). LCMS: m/z=486.2 [M+H].

Example 190(+/−)-3-(6-(1-(6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)butylamino)nicotinamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared using a method analogous to thatdescribed for Example 142, starting from Intermediate (90) andIntermediate (128). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.85-9.00 (br s, 1H), 8.80(s, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=1.95 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 8.13 (dd, J=9.7, 2.1 Hz,1H), 7.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.57 (m, 1H), 6.42(d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.56 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.76 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.64 (m,2H), 1.77-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.53 (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). MS(M+H)=477.4.

Example 1913-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 1 and Example 1923-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 2

Racemic ethyl3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoate was prepared using a method analogous tothat described in Example 163, Steps A-C, using ethyl 3-aminopropanoatehydrochloride in Step 3. This material was resolved by SFC (column:Chiralcel OD-H 10×250 mm; mobile phase: 60/40 CO₂/methanol; no modifier;flow rate: 10 mL/min) to give ethyl3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 (retention time 3.23 min) and ethyl3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 (retention time 4.54 min). ethyl3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 1 and ethyl3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoate,Isomer 2 were saponified separately using a method analogous to thatdescribed in Example X158, Step D, to give3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoic acid, Isomer 1 and3-(4-((6-(4-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino)(cyclopentyl)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid, Isomer 2, respectively. Spectral data for Isomer 1: ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.59-7.64 (m, 1H),7.50 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.81-6.88 (m, 1H),6.74-6.81 (m, 1H), 4.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.64-3.73 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.72(m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.21 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.33-1.72(m, 4H), 1.15-1.30 (m, 2H). MS (M+H)=482.3.

Example 1933-(4-(cyclopentyl(2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamino)methyl)benzamido)propanoicacid

The title compound was prepared using a method analogous to thatdescribed in Example 163, starting from Intermediate (31) andIntermediate (129). Analytical HPLC: retention time 2.99 min (Column:Waters Atlantis dC18 4.6×50 mm, 5 um. Modifier: TFA 0.05%. Gradient: 95%H20/5% MeCN linear to 5% H20/95% MeCN over 4.0 min, HOLD at 5% H20/95%MeCN to 5.0 min. Flow: 2.0 mL/min). LCMS: m/z=503.2 [M+H].

Biological Data

Glucagon cAMP Assay

The Cisbio cAMP detection assay is used to determine the ability ofpunitive glucagon antagonist to block glucagon induced cAMP production.Potential glucagon antagonists are re-suspended and diluted in 100%DMSO. Prior to use in the Glucagon cAMP assay 100×DMSO compound stocksare diluted 20× with DMEM-F12 media (Invitrogen) containing either 0.1%or 4% BSA. 2 μls of 5× compound stocks are spotted into the appropriatewells of low binding white solid bottom 384 well plates (Corning). 2 μlsof 5% DMSO or known glucagon antagonist are added to each plate todefine the assay window. CHOK1 cells stably transfected with the humanglucagon receptor are removed from culture flasks with cell dissociationbuffer. Cell pellets are re-suspended, at a concentration of 8.3e⁵cells/ml in DMEM-F12 with or without 4% BSA and 200 uM IBMX. 6 μls ofcell suspensions are added to the assay plates. Plates are incubated for20 min at room temperature prior to the addition of a 100 μM challengedose of glucagon. On a separate plate glucagon dose response curves arerun to determine the EC₅₀ of glucagon. After a 30 min room temperatureincubation the reaction is terminated by the addition of lysis buffercontaining the cAMP detection reagents. Plates are incubated for anadditional 60 min at room temperature prior to being read on the PerkinElmer fluorescent plate reader. Raw is converted to nM of cAMP producedbased on a cAMP standard curve. Converted data is then analyzed usingthe Pfizer data analysis program. IC₅₀ values are determined from thegenerated sigmoidal dose response curves. Kb values are calculated usinga modified Cheng-Prusoff equation. N is the number of times the compoundwas assayed.

Table of cAMP data Example N cAMP (Kb nM) Example 1 4 1500 Example 2 65280 Example 3 6 1820 Example 4 10 1270 Example 5 12 242 Example 6 3077.3 Example 7 6 760 Example 8 12 155 Example 9 21 572 Example 10 815500 Example 11 8 612 Example 12 9 491 Example 13 16 297 Example 14 10293 Example 15 4 1170 Example 16 8 717 Example 17 6 419 Example 18 73860 Example 19 12 2860 Example 20 6 800 Example 21 6 824 Example 22 4835 Example 23 6 948 Example 24 4 1030 Example 25 4 1120 Example 26 61050 Example 27 4 1080 Example 28 6 1300 Example 29 4 1360 Example 30 61410 Example 31 2 1450 Example 32 2 1590 Example 33 4 1560 Example 34 21710 Example 35 2 1790 Example 36 2 1820 Example 37 2 1760 Example 38 22130 Example 39 4 2460 Example 40 2 2540 Example 41 2 2840 Example 42 22810 Example 43 2 2910 Example 44 2 3110 Example 45 2 3350 Example 46 26890 Example 47 2 7810 Example 48 2 8150 Example 49 2 10300 Example 50 41560 Example 51 8 1810 Example 52 2 2410 Example 53 4 2610 Example 54 23530 Example 55 2 3720 Example 56 2 4370 Example 57 4 6100 Example 58 27300 Example 59 14 1390 Example 60 13 1270 Example 61 14 3250 Example 6212 32.2 Example 63 12 613 Example 64 14 494 Example 65 6 2880 Example 662 1450 Example 67 14 526 Example 68 6 1710 Example 69 4 1510 Example 706 1910 Example 71 2 2120 Example 72 6 2300 Example 73 6 2640 Example 745 4680 Example 75 6 7710 Example 76 2 6130 Example 77 6 2390 Example 786 4330 Example 79 4140 Example 80 2 1290 Example 81 10 1830 Example 8210 388 Example 83 22 164 Example 84 12 3900 Example 85 6 4140 Example 864 615 Example 87 2 9390 Example 88 2 4740 Example 89 6 1420 Example 904 >2500 Example 91 11 213 Example 92 2 5600 Example 93 4 3840 Example 9410 57.5 Example 95 10 32.8 Example 96 4 871 Example 97 10 90.8 Example98 4 1060 Example 99 6 376 Example 100 6 226 Example 101 6 79.3 Example102 4 3540 Example 103 8 1080 Example 104 8 169 Example 105 6 455Example 106 4 187 Example 107 2 252 Example 108 7 224 Example 109 2 1710Example 110 4 97 Example 111 2 2350 Example 112 4 126 Example 113 10 103Example 114 8 17 Example 115 6 231 Example 116 4 450 Example 117 4 227Example 118 2 1020 Example 119 6 67 Example 120 10 65 Example 121 2 764Example 122 6 43 Example 123 4 106 Example 124 12 82 Example 125 4 144Example 126 4 212 Example 127 3 202 Example 128 3 268 Example 129 5 13Example 130 2 195 Example 131 10 247 Example 132 4 153 Example 133 8 75Example 134 2 876 Example 135 6 28 Example 136 4 222 Example 137 7 27Example 138 4 40 Example 139 4 147 Example 140 4 154 Example 141 8 586Example 142 2 883 Example 143 8 179 Example 144 6 174 Example 145 10 156Example 146 8 21 Example 147 6 343 Example 148 14 423 Example 149 4 2250Example 150 4 1640 Example 151 6 227 Example 152 6 301 Example 153 6 225Example 154 6 629 Example 155 8 313 Example 156 6 246 Example 157 1018.6 Example 158 10 155 Example 159 8 730 Example 160 6 111 Example 1618 9.49 Example 162 8 55.8 Example 163 8 42.7 Example 164 8 52.4 Example165 6 305 Example 166 5 94.8 Example 167 3 1140 Example 168 8 185Example 169 4 1150 Example 170 6 1300 Example 171 8 150 Example 172 859.9 Example 173 4 641 Example 174 4 252 Example 175 6 10.5 Example 1768 79.1 Example 177 4 2340 Example 178 8 215 Example 179 4 134 Example180 6 45 Example 181 2 195 Example 182 8 424 Example 183 8 154 Example184 4 321 Example 185 6 175 Example 186 6 192 Example 187 8 167 Example188 8 106 Example 189 2 370 Example 190 8 978 Example 191 4 11.7 Example192 4 88.5 Example 193 6 84.1

Human Glucagon SPA Assay

The Glucagon SPA assay is used to determine the ability of testcompounds to block the binding of glucagon-cex to the glucagon receptor.Test compounds are re-suspended and serially diluted in 100% DMSO. 1 μlof test compound at the desired concentrations is spotted into theappropriate wells of 96 well low binding white clear bottom plate(Corning). 1 μl of DMSO is spotted into total binding wells. 1 μl of aknown glucagon antagonist at a concentration of 20 μM is added to nonspecific binding wells. 0.3-0.75 μg of membrane from chem-1 cells stablytransfected with the human glucagon receptor (Millipore), 125 μM of[¹²⁵I]Glucagon-Cex (Perkin Elmer) and 175 μg of WGA PVT SPA beads(Perkin Elmer) are added to all wells of the assay plate. All assayingredients with the exception of test compounds are re-suspended in thefollowing buffer; 50 mM Hepes pH 7.4; 5 mM MgCl₂; 1 mM CaCl; 5% glyceroland 0.2% BSA. Following a 6-10 hr incubation at room temperature theamount of hot ligand bound to the cell membranes is determined byreading the plates on a Wallac Trilux radioactive emission detector.Data is analyzed using Pfizer's Data analysis program. IC₅₀ values arethen determined from the generated sigmoidal dose response curves. Kivalues are calculated using Cheng-Prusoff equation. N is the number oftimes the compound was assayed.

Table for SPA Binding data Example Binding Ki number N (nM) Example 97 293 Example 98 4 1,100 Example 86 2 233 Example 101 2 17 Example 31 11331 Example 22 2 665 Example 28 2 1659 Example 53 2 556 Example 105 469.8 Example 106 3 91.9 Example 107 2 71.6 Example 108 4 203 Example 1092 153 Example 110 3 57.2 Example 111 2 202 Example 112 3 143 Example 1134 38.2 Example 114 5 7.6 Example 115 4 15.8 Example 116 2 464 Example117 2 183 Example 118 1 297 Example 119 4 103 Example 120 5 225 Example121 1 298 Example 122 4 45.7 Example 123 3 88.4 Example 124 6 109Example 125 3 98.2 Example 126 3 161 Example 127 3 316 Example 128 3 208Example 129 4 29.3 Example 130 2 116 Example 131 6 51 Example 132 3 132Example 133 5 58 Example 134 1 110 Example 135 3 35 Example 136 2 30.2Example 137 4 20.2 Example 138 2 5.75 Example 139 3 354 Example 140 362.8 Example 141 5 89.5 Example 142 2 636 Example 143 5 57.4 Example 1444 62.6 Example 145 6 93.2 Example 146 4 9.05 Example 147 3 26.7 Example148 7 125 Example 149 2 1050 Example 150 2 446 Example 151 3 20.2Example 152 3 35.2 Example 153 3 32.3 Example 154 3 235 Example 155 494.9 Example 156 3 251 Example 157 5 5.55 Example 158 5 41 Example 159 4315 Example 160 4 29 Example 161 5 25.7 Example 162 5 47.3 Example 163 565.9 Example 164 5 192 Example 165 4 142 Example 166 4 91.5 Example 1673 414 Example 168 4 27.4 Example 169 2 193 Example 170 2 224 Example 1714 28 Example 172 4 8.18 Example 173 2 26.6 Example 174 2 57 Example 1753 28.7 Example 176 4 101 Example 177 2 432 Example 178 4 37.4 Example179 4 22.1 Example 180 5 10.3 Example 181 1 87.2 Example 182 4 156Example 183 4 53.5 Example 184 2 240 Example 185 3 137 Example 186 3 175Example 187 5 47.8 Example 188 4 42.2 Example 189 2 109 Example 190 4399 Example 191 2 29.3 Example 192 2 50.3 Example 193 4 44.7

We claim:
 1. A compound of structure


2. A compound of structure

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.